Funding and Lending Problems with China’s Three Gorges Dam Project :: Exploratory Essays Research Papers

Subsidizing and Lending Problems with China’s Three Gorges Dam Project The Three Gorges Project keeps on leaving a wake of natural and social offenses. A combination of activists and more than 45 global gatherings, including the International Rivers Network and Sierra Club, have battled the task and all its negative traits (Lammers 1). But since of the fate of its development, certain outcomes related with the Three Gorges Dam are unavoidable, particularly those subsequent from the immersion zones. Oppositely, there stay an assortment of results, explicitly concerning the effect of movement and resettlement, which could be limited and even maintained a strategic distance from if the essential advances were taken. Tragically, the current blend of financial matters and governmental issues between the State Development Bank of China and its loan specialists gives no protected gatekeepers against such offense. In spite of fights scarcely any progressions have been made to redress them. In the accompanying section, I will give a short foundation of the dam’s history and outcomes, uncover China’s current resettlement endeavors, and clarify why little change has been made to address these issues. At long last, I will give an elective arrangement and ideally concentrate to the most compelling part of the Three Gorges Project: subsidizing and loaning. The Three Gorges Dam and Reservoir is tentatively the biggest building accomplishment and development venture at any point attempted. The undertaking began as an answer for China’s long-standing issues with territory flood control (Shen 1). Before long, the plans were changed to joined a monster transporting path to the store and 26 hydroelectric generators to the dam (Sly 1). The task, which lives on China’s Yangtze stream, has entered the second period of consummation. Following the redirection of ordinary stream and traffic to a side channel, significant development of the coffer dam, which will apparently traverse in excess of a mile in width, has resulted (Sklar 4). What's more, major is no distortion considering the Chinese government is endeavoring to dam the world’s second biggest stream. The Three Gorges dam is evaluated to be more than 600 feet high and result in a store of more than 400 miles long (Lammers 1). The assets and materials to be devoured, past the 29 billion dollar quote, are to include: the 3.6 billion cubic feet of rock and soil... to be unearthed, 1 billion cubic feet of dike fill... moved, 900 million cubic feet of plain and fortified cement... to be poured, and about 300,000 ton s of metal structures.

India Today Essay

Gradually, however unquestionably, in the year 2000, India is starting to eradicate the Nehruvian implicit understanding that made the open area and bound the workers to a corporate unit and the corporate unit to the country. In the time of rebuilding and re-designing this has guided, workers are not, at this point esteemed assets however nonessential wares. What's more, in like manner, the businesses are no longer demi-divine beings and fuedal rulers in one. They will get one with an amazing situation of a private part, where the developing chief with the corporate experience of a lifetime may out of nowhere be discounted as miserably antiquated; and supplanted with a youthful geek, who alongside, possibly the new owner’s driver, will be perched on a pile of investment opportunities esteemed in millions. Obviously the time has come to contemplate riches and being well off in India today. The last time Indians contemplated being rich through joint possessions with non blacks, was in the nineteenth Century when the East India Company uncovered to the experienced Indians involving essential situations inside the framework, the loot capability of their property. They escaped. This proceeded for very nearly a century till memorable occasions activated an opportunity battle under Gandhi over the fair conveyance and taming of India’s riches. The vision kept going scarcely two decades. Political discussions at that point were about the evil impact of free enterprise and cash. It was alright to create occupations however not extraordinary riches which could degenerate our most hallowed establishments. Gradually some crusading analytical writers and business analysts followed this rationale and started to gather upsetting realities about the trumpeters of this brand of Hindu communism. They made dim disclosures over and over about faulty individual conduct and money related trickery that they had found among different political gatherings in influence.

How to Test Conformity With Your Own Experiment

How to Test Conformity With Your Own Experiment Student Resources Study Guides and Tips Print How to Test Conformity With Your Own Psychology Experiment By Kendra Cherry facebook twitter Kendra Cherry, MS, is an author, educational consultant, and speaker focused on helping students learn about psychology. Learn about our editorial policy Kendra Cherry Updated on September 17, 2019 skynesher / Getty Images More in Student Resources Study Guides and Tips APA Style and Writing Careers In This Article Table of Contents Expand History Examples Ideas for Conducting an Experiment View All Back To Top A conformity experiment can be an interesting project idea if you need to perform some sort of experiment for a psychology class. Learn more about the psychology of conformity and explore some conformity experiment ideas that you might want to consider. History of the Conformity Experiment During the 1950s, psychologist Solomon Asch conducted a series of experiments known as the Asch conformity experiments  that demonstrated the impact of social pressure on individual behavior.   In Aschs classic experiment, participants were told that they were in an experiment on vision. With a group of other people, they were asked to look at three lines of different lengths and determine which one was the longest. Participants were then placed with a group that they thought included other subjects in the study. In reality, the other individuals were actually confederates in the experiment. After a few trials where everyone stated the correct answer, the confederates all began choosing an incorrect answer. So how did the real participants respond when the other individuals in the group chose the wrong line as the correct response? When surrounded by other people citing the incorrect answer, 75% of the subjects gave an incorrect response to at least one of the line length questions. How do you think that you or your peers would react in a similar situation? If you are looking for a psychology experiment you can do for a class consider creating your own variation of the Asch conformity experiment.   Example of a Conformity Experiment One way to envision your own experiment is to consider some of the conformity experiments that have been performed in the past. Historical research as well as more recent variations can help you better determine how you might want to conduct your own experiment. Imagine this scenario: Youre in a math class, and the instructor asks a basic math question. What is 8 x 4? The teacher begins asking individual students in the room for the answer. You are surprised when the first student answers 27. Then the next student answers 27. And the next! When the teacher finally comes to you, do you trust your own math skills and say 32? Or do you go along with what the rest of the group seems to believe is the correct answer? Other Examples of Conformity Experiments One conformity experiment was performed on the TV show Candid Camera and involved a group of people on an elevator who all stood facing the rear of the elevator. Inevitably, everyone else who got on ended up also facing the rear so as not to stand out from the rest. One young man even turned repeatedly to every side along with the rest of the group and took off his hat when the others did. Other conformity experiments that have been performed include:Having a group of people stare up at a buildingPicketing with blank signs and pamphlets for no specific causeWhen one student leaves the classroom, the teacher has everyone else stand up when the student returns and sits down   Ideas for Conducting Your Own Conformity Experiment The following are just a few ideas of questions you could answer in your own psychology experiment: How does group size impact conformity? Try the experiment with different numbers of confederates, or helpers, to see how many other people must be present before a person starts conforming to the group.What effect does age have on conformity? Try the experiment with participants in different age groups to see if the results differ.What impact does gender have on conformity? Are women more likely to conform if the other participants are other women? Are men more likely to conform if the other participants are male? Try different variations to see what effect gender may have.How does the situation influence conformity? Are people more likely to conform in certain settings, such as a classroom, than they are in more natural, everyday settings? Run trials in different settings to see if there is a difference. For More Advice Performing a psychology experiment for class can be a bit intimidating. Before you begin, always talk about your experiment idea with your instructor and be sure that you have permission to carry out your project. In some cases, you will probably need to submit your idea for review beforehand in order to receive permission to experiment with human participants. 5 Important Steps for Conducting Psychology Experiments

Is Creationism Correct Or Is Theory Correct - 929 Words

How did we get here? Is Creationism correct or is Evolutionism correct? There have been studies, books, and even documentaries trying to prove one opinion or the other. In 1859, Charles Darwin published the Origin of Species. This book introduced Charles Darwin’s theory of evolution to the world. Darwin’s theory of evolution, Darwinism, is now taught in public schools and is unchallenged on how the universe was formed. However, now 64% of Americans believe that Creationism needs to be taught in public schools alongside Darwinism. Evolution is the process in which organisms change over time as a result of changes in heritable physical or behavioral traits. In other words, all organisms evolve over time to become more like their†¦show more content†¦The chromosome count is always fixed, so if an animal gained or lost a chromosome because of some kind of deformity it could not successfully mate. Therefore causing the evolvement of a new species is genetically impossible. Creation Creationism proves the evolution theory to be wrong. I’m excited to be arguing this fact. Creationism states that all things are created by God. Where we find this information is from The Holy Bible. Although, the Bible does not ever appear to be a scientific textbook, it does declare itself to be the one true answer in everything. 2 Timothy 3:16 states that â€Å"All Scripture is God breathed and is useful for teaching, rebuking, correcting and training in righteousness.†, meaning that all scripture is written by God and his Holy Spirit. He spoke to men and women over a period of 900 years, and they wrote down exactly what He said. The Bible is divided into two sections, the Old Testament and the New Testament. In the Old testament, it says 3,808 times that the Bible is the exact words of God. In Genesis 1:1, the Bible says â€Å"In the beginning God created the heavens and the earth.† He created the Heavens and the earth in six days and rested on the seventh. The Bible states from Genesis to Revelation that God is the creator of all things, not just of earth and the people of earth, but of everything that exists. The Bible doesn’t just focus on how God created everything, but it emphasizes about GodShow MoreRelatedCreationism Isnt Science but Belongs in Schools Essay849 Words   |  4 PagesCreationism Isnt Science but Belongs in Schools The origin of life has been a point of discussion for as long as history has been documented. Ancient Egyptians believed that the sun god Ra took another form, created land from a watery abyss and created everything, including gods and humans. The Iroquois, a tribe of Native Americans, told a story of god to human lineage that resulted in twins, one being evil and one being good. The good twin creates a picture perfectRead More Evolution vs. Creationism Essay917 Words   |  4 Pages Evolution vs. Creationism The Evolution vs. Creationism controversy goes all the way back to the Publishing of Origin of Species in 1859 by Darwin laying the foundation for the evolution of life to be understood. Scientists are continuously finding more evidence to support Darwin’s conclusion; that organisms descended from a common ancestor modified by the mechanism of natural selection resulting in the evolution of species adapting to their environment. The following are the main geological topicsRead MoreCreationism vs. Evolutionism in Public Schools1538 Words   |  7 PagesDebate: Creationism vs. Evolution in Schools: 1st Affirmative Constructive Speech Creationism and Evolutionism by definition are very different topics. Currently, evolutionary naturalism is the most widely taught view of origins in America. In schools in the modern day, only evolutionism is taught and condoned. But before the 1920s, only creationism was taught, and evolution was forbidden. Then, on February 20, 2008, the Florida State Board of Education voted to revise the public school guidelinesRead More Evolution Vs. Creationism Essay1323 Words   |  6 PagesEvolution vs. Creationism Abstract In the history of science vs. religion there have been no issues more intensely debated than evolution vs. creationism. The issue is passionately debated since the majority of evidence is in favor of evolution, but the creation point of view can never be proved wrong because of religious belief. Human creation breaks down into three simple beliefs; creation theory, naturalistic evolution theory, and theistic evolution theory. The complexities of all threeRead MoreDating the Rocks of the Grand Canyon (Old Earth vs. Young Earth)1102 Words   |  5 Pagesof change along with varying increases and decreases of material over time. â€Å"Young-Earth Creationism† (YEC) is based on a precept that earth and the universe were created by God, only 6,000 years ago in six days. Their position is that by examining geological records the scientific details of early history will become clear and a literal biblical view of Earth’s creation supported. Now, â€Å"Old Earth Creationism † (OEC) is also based on a precept that earth and the universe were created by God, but theyRead MorePolitics Of The Polarized Classroom Essay1666 Words   |  7 Pagesresulted to their long-standing advocacy to have Intelligent Design and/or Creationism taught in the modern classroom in schools. The Institute of Creation Research, for example, holds that alongside evolution, Creationism should be taught in public schools, noting that the unquestioned precedence given to evolution in the modern school system is unwarranted and unconstitutional. According to them, â€Å"Evolution is†¦ neither fact, theory, nor hypothesis. It is a belief—and nothing more†¦ Neither evolution norRead MoreThe Differences Between Creationism And Creationism2961 Words   |  12 Pagescontradict each other are Evolution and Creationism. What is evolution? Evolution is the belief that mankind evolved from primates such as apes. What is creationism? Creationism is the belief that God , the center of the christianity belief created mankind in his own image. Now obviously these two beliefs contradict each other. One believes there is no god and one believes there is. For years these two ideas have clashed, trying to prove that their beliefs are correct. Each group conducting experimentsRead MoreCreationism Vs. Evolution1130 Words   |  5 Pagesfor years. So how do we know which claim is correct? Has all life evolved from simple bacteria to all the species that appear today, or did life on earth begin with Gods creation of Adam from dust and his partner Eve from adam’s rib bone. As a child I grew up attending church every Sunday with my grandparents, attending bible school, and taught the ways of the Lord. I wouldn’t know any different until my eyes were opened in biology class where the theory of Evolution is justified. There are differentRead MoreAtheism Is Not A Religion, A Worldview Or A Belief System1618 Words   |  7 Pagesevidence. Christi ans follow the teachings of â€Å"Jesus Christ† written in the bible. They believe god created the earth in seven days and that he will soon send his son, Jesus to earth to take the faithful to heaven. Deep analyzation of evolution, creationism, and the bible will surely reveal the truth. Evolution, is basically â€Å"decent with modification†, this applies to microevolution and macroevolution. (www.evolution.berkeley.edu) Evolution, when on a smaller scale is defined as microevolution; anRead MoreCreationism vs. Darwinism: A Comparative Analysis1530 Words   |  6 Pagesï » ¿Creationism vs. Darwinism Abstract An analysis of creationism, and its various forms, is undertaken in order to determine basis for creationist beliefs. Additionally, Darwinism is explored and the differences between Creationism and Darwinism are analyzed. Despite overwhelming evidence that supports the existence and validity of Darwinism, there are still arguments made that attempt to discredit evolution. The battle between Creationists and Darwinists extends beyond science and religion and has

European Exploration The Age Of Discovery - 1128 Words

European states decided to partake in global explorations in the early fifteenth century. By doing so, this opened up a new chapter in world history, known as the Age of Discovery. During this time, Europe expanded to the Americas, Africa, and the Far East being the first orbit around the world. â€Å"Profound misconceptions about geography and the cultures of local populations would change very slowly throughout he early centuries of European exploration.† (The Saylor Foundation The European Voyages of Exploration: Introduction). Europeans had a hard time believing there was life outside of Europe before they explored. European nations reached out and influenced the entire world from the 1500s to the 1750s. Along with the global exploration, the Scientific Revolution and the Atlantic Slave Trade were also two of the most influential happenings during this time period. With the means and motives, Europe advanced rapidly and influenced other nations like the Americas and Africa. Europeans had ships, navigation, and gunpowder weapons. They were motivated with: the trade of gold and silver, national power, or mercantilism, religion, and crusade. Europe’s geography allowed Europe to easily trade with other nations. â€Å"Geography provides a starting point for explaining European’s American empires. Countries on the Atlantic rim of Europe (Portugal, Spain, Britain, and France) were simply closer to the Americans than were any potential Asian competitors.† (Strayer 619). EuropeShow MoreRelatedEuropean Exploration And Trade During The Age Of Discovery975 Words   |  4 Pagesresponsible for some of history’s darkest ages. European exploration and trade during the age of discovery is what indirectly created what we today call America. The world that we see today can be attributed back to Portugal as it pioneered a niche in expedition for European culture. European exploration and trade began in the 15th century with Portugal as they played a very significant role to the age of discovery, a period of time that designated Europe as an exploration powerhouse. Portugal paved the pathRead MoreThe Impact Of Maritime Technology On The Age Of Exploration1264 Words   |  6 PagesMaritime Technology’s Aid in the Age of Exploration The innovation of maritime technology has revolutionized travel throughout history. Prior to ships and sea travel, humans were separated by vast oceans and confined to their homeland for life. Because of these large boundaries, discoveries and inventions were only shared within land masses and trade as a whole was very limited. This uncharted, inaccessible territory caused a major separation of mankind. However, these oceans sparked curiosityRead MoreThe Influence Of The European Age Of Exploration1149 Words   |  5 PagesEuropeans in the 15th through 17th centuries were conquerors as they conquered the world. They engaged in intensive exploration and early colonization of many parts of the world, and they established direct contact with Africa, the Americas, and Asia. The Age of Discovery, also known as the Age of Exploration was during this period of time. The Age of Exploration was when the Europeans traveled around the world in search of different things. This is when Europe ans conquered different parts of theRead MorePositive Impact Of Christopher Columbus s Discoveries1247 Words   |  5 Pages Positive Impact of Christopher Columbus’s Discoveries The world is a better place because of Christopher Columbus’ important discoveries in the New World. His explorations resulted in the vast expansion of property for Europe, the exchange of goods and cultures between countries and a change in the worldview of geography. Columbus’s explorations were the catalyst for unprecedented trade known as the Columbian Exchange, which started the exchange of goods and ideas that would last for centuriesRead MorePositive Impact Of Christopher Columbus Discoveries1249 Words   |  5 PagesPositive Impact of Christopher Columbus’ Discoveries The world is a better place because of Christopher Columbus’ important discoveries in the New World. His explorations resulted in the vast expansion of property for Europe, the exchange of goods and cultures between countries and a change in the worldview of geography. Columbus’s explorations were the catalyst for unprecedented trade known as the Columbian Exchange, which started the exchange of goods and ideas that would last for centuriesRead MoreAge Of Exploration : The Promise Of Glory1188 Words   |  5 Pages Age of Exploration: The Promise of Glory I have fully upheld Delbarton’s honor code in letter and spirit. Signature: Hunter Macy Hunter Macy October 19, 2015 European History Mr. Manno Delbarton School The Age of Exploration, during the fifteenth and sixteenth centuries, led to a myriad of expansion for European countries, namely Spain and Portugal. The rush to the New World by Portugal and Spain during the Age of Exploration, led by men such as Hernan CortesRead MoreEffects Of European Exploration On The World1252 Words   |  6 PagesEffects Of European Exploration By the late 1400’s into the 1500’s, European countries began to expand into the rest of the world. This resurgence of trade interest resulted in a demand for foreign goods and exploration of water routes. This Age of Exploration united the Americas with Europe, Asia, and Africa. The exchanges were plentiful and stabilizing for many communities. However, along with the positive influences, came the negative aspects, which impacted cultures and civilizations aroundRead MoreThe Consequences of the Age of Exploration Essay517 Words   |  3 PagesThe Age of Discovery, also known by others as the â€Å"Age of Exploration†, was a period starting in the 15th century, lasting for over 200 years, and was conceived by the pioneer Portuguese and Spanish explorers in their search for precious metals and very costly spices, such as saffron and cardamom. Although the expansion of knowledge about the world was a good intention, it ultimately turned out be have extremely s evere consequences, which its effects are still being suffered to this day! First ofRead MoreCauses Of The Age Of Exploration1112 Words   |  5 Pages The geographical exploration was a period of time when European states began exploring the world. The European exploration known as the Age of Discovery, or the Age of Exploration began in the early fifteenth century and extended throughout the late sixteenth century. During this time, European nations discovered new routes. This led to the discovering of trade from different places outside of Europe. Europe exploration expanded to places such as the Americas, Africa, and much of the Far East. ManyRead MoreCauses Of European Exploration754 Words   |  4 PagesEurope’s Age of Exploration and Discovery began around 1453 when the Ottoman Turks conquered Constantinople, which resulted in the fall of the Byzantine Empire. This conquest cut off most European access to this area, severely limiting trade with the Middle East, especially China and India. Furthermore, Venice and the Ottoman Empire established a monopoly over trade, which irritated Europe and sparked their desire to re connect with the East and restore direct trade relations with Asia. Europe’s desire

The Arctic National Wildlife Refuge (ANWR) in Alaska Free Essays

The world is filled with many natural wonders, and one of these marvels is the Arctic National Wildlife Refuge (ANWR) in Alaska. Its 19. 6 million acres comprise some of the last truly undisturbed wilderness, and the area has even been called the crown jewel of America’s refuge system. We will write a custom essay sample on The Arctic National Wildlife Refuge (ANWR) in Alaska or any similar topic only for you Order Now This refuge is composed of a far-reaching stretch of tundra covered with marshes and lagoons and intertwined with rivers spectacularly positioned among the foothills of the snowcapped Brooks Mountain Range and the sparkling waters of the Beaufort Sea, presenting an awe-inspiring spectacle (Defenders of Wildlife, 2001a). It was because of this beauty that ANWR was set-aside as government land. Originally, the North Slope of Alaska was only used for military purposes, and the public was not allowed on any of its 48. 8 million acres during World War II. But in 1952-1953, some government scientists decided that this area of Alaska should become a conservation area. So, Fred Seaton, the Secretary of the Interior, made 8. 9 million acres of the North Slope into the â€Å"Arctic National Wildlife Range† to protect it. A lot of oil was found throughout the North Slope in the following years, so many wanted to drill for oil in the Arctic National Wildlife Range. In the Alaska National Interest Lands Conservation Act (ANILCA – 1980), most of the Range plus more of the North Slope was designated as Wilderness and called the Arctic National Wildlife Refuge. However, Section 1002 of ANILCA decided the part of the Range not considered Wilderness should be part of ANWR, although it must be researched before it was decided whether or not it should be designated as Wilderness or used for oil development. This disputed section is called the 1002 Area (Alaska Wilderness League 2003a; Ecological Society of America, 2002; Gibbs, 2001; U. S. Fish and Wildlife Service, 2000b). Studies conducted in the 1002 Area showed that oil and gas development would cause great harm to its wildlife (U. S. Fish and Wildlife Service, 2000b). Unfortunately, the oil companies do not seem to see the beauty of this wild area, only the possible profit in it. The oil industry would still like to drill in the 1002 Area (the Coastal Plain), an area of 1. 5 million acres between the Arctic Ocean and the Brooks Range (Alaska Wilderness League 2003a; Ecological Society of America, 2002; Gibbs, 2001; Sierra Club, 2001). However, the Coastal Plain is vital to the continued existence of many organisms and is full of life during the short spring and summer months, giving it the nickname â€Å"America’s Serengeti† (Alaska Wilderness League 2003a; Alaska Wilderness League 2003b; Defenders of Wildlife, 2001b). The Porcupine River caribou herd of about 130,000 goes to the Coastal Plain on an annual basis to bear and nurse their young before migrating to warmer climates (Alaska Wilderness League 2003b; Gibbs, 2001; U. S. Fish and Wildlife Service, 2000b; Roth, 1995). Polar bears use it as their most vital denning area on land (Alaska Wilderness League 2003b; Roth, 1995). Musk oxen, grizzly bears, wolves, wolverines, foxes, golden eagles, and snowy owls assemble there to stalk their prey and build their dens. Dall sheep, whales, moose, 36 fish species, and eight other marine mammals thrive in the region, too. About 300,000 snow geese also stop there in the fall to eat after coming from their nesting grounds in Canada (Alaska Wilderness League 2003a; U. S. Fish Wildlife Service, 2002). Another 135 species of birds use the land to breed, nest, raise their young, feed, or rest before they migrate to areas throughout the United States and beyond (Alaska Wilderness League 2003b; Babbitt, 1995). The 1002 Area is home to a variety of wildlife. So, drilling should not occur in the 1002 Area because it would be detrimental to the animals living there. Oil development could hurt the wildlife in many ways. The emissions from aircrafts, scents of workers, and the noise of vehicles and other engines could displace the animals (Gibbs, 2001). Roads and pipelines would also displace the wildlife because their normal routes would be blocked (Alaska Wilderness League, 2003b). Drilling would cause great harm to the animals that rely on the Coastal Plain of ANWR. Additionally, the 135 species of birds that nest and feed in the 1002 Area would be affected. Many of the birds would lose critical habitat, causing population declines for already small populations. Also, the oil fields would attract predators, further lowering their numbers (Audubon, 2002). Other studies around the other Alaskan oil fields have shown tundra swans to nest over 650 feet from the roads (Gibbs, 2001). Many of the other migratory birds are also sensitive to disturbances, and oil production in ANWR would interrupt migration patterns that have been occurring for many years (Alaska Wilderness League 2003b). The migratory species would carry the effects with them throughout the world (UNEP, 2001). Caribou are also sensitive to disturbances. Caribou with young stay at least 2. 5 miles away from roads (Gibbs, 2001). So, the caribou would be pushed into the foothills of the Brooks Range, an area with more predators (Ecological Society of America, 2002). A computer model estimated that calf survival would be reduced about 14 percent by oil production in ANWR (Gibbs, 2001). And, the U. S. Fish and Wildlife Service believes that lowering the calf survival by only five percent would cause the Porcupine caribou herd to suffer population declines (Alaska Wilderness League 2003b). The musk oxen’s population would also drop, too. They live on the Coastal Plain year-round (Montgomery, 2003). They need to conserve their energy and move very little to live on the Coastal Plain in the winter because there is little to eat, and it is very cold. The musk oxen would be forced off of the 1002 Area by drilling, and the Department of the Interior thinks this would lower their population 25 to 50 percent (Alaska Wilderness League 2003). The polar bears need the Coastal Plain to continue their current population numbers as well. It is needed for pregnant polar bears to nest upon and raise their cubs. The cubs need to be protected in their dens for three months. Any sort of disturbance would cause them to leave their dens early, which would harm their newborn cubs (Alaska Wilderness League 2003b). Bowhead whales also migrate past the Coastal Plain. They are needed by the Kaktoviks (the people indigenous to the North Slope) for food and cultural activities. However, the oil development occurring presently has already displaced them 9 to 15 miles from any noise (Montgomery, 2003). So, the Kaktoviks need areas without drilling to continue their subsistence way of life. Furthermore, all of the aquatic animals (including bowhead whales and polar bears) would be greatly harmed by an oil spill. Development in the waters is not significant as of yet, but if more development occurs on land, then more development may occur offshore. Many animals are very vulnerable to the effects of an oil spill, so more development should not occur (Montgomery, 2003). In addition to harming wildlife, oil development would harm the physical environment as well. The drilling west of the refuge (near Prudhoe Bay) has already done considerable damage. It has turned 400 square miles of undisturbed wilderness into 1500 miles of roads and pipelines, 1400 wells, three airports, 17 sewage treatment plants, and hundreds of large waste pits. The drilling has discharged into the environment more that 43,000 tons of nitrogen oxides each year, contributing to smog and acid rain production, and 100,000 metric tons of methane that leads to global warming. There have been about 1,600 spills containing 1. 2 million gallons of oil, diesel fuel, acid, drilling fluid, and many other harmful substances between 1994 and 1999 (Indigenous Environmental Network, 2001). There is about one spill each day (Alaska Wilderness League 2003c). All of this could occur in ANWR if the oil companies get what they want. And, you would think that there must be a gold mine of oil under the 1002 Area if they would sacrifice such an important area of land. However, the U. S. Geological Survey predicts there is only enough oil beneath the Coastal Plain to sustain the energy needs of America for six months (Alaska Wilderness League 2003a; Alaska Wilderness League 2003c). The Department of the Interior has estimated that â€Å"there is only a one-in-five chance of finding any economically recoverable oil in the refuge† (Roth, 1995). It is not worth ruining a pristine wilderness supporting many animals for very little oil that may not even be â€Å"economically recoverable. † Not only is there little oil under the Coastal Plain, it is also found in only small accumulations rather than one large oil field (like Prudhoe Bay). So, there would have to be more development areas, increasing the effect on the wildlife and environment (Ecological Society of America, 2002). Overall, the drilling would cause a lot of damage. A pristine wilderness would be turned into a noisy, polluted, developed area. Millions of species of animals would be harmed. They would no longer be able to use the Coastal Plain to feed, mate, nest, and hunt. They would be forced onto marginal lands, and their numbers would be negatively affected (Alaska Wilderness League 2003b; Gibbs, 2001; U. S. Fish and Wildlife Service, 2000b). And, the drilling could cause many environmental problems, including global warming, smog, and acid rain (Indigenous Environmental Network, 2001). Plus, the drilling would not even solve the energy problems in the U. S. So, drilling in ANWR should be prevented! How to cite The Arctic National Wildlife Refuge (ANWR) in Alaska, Essays

Organisational Behaviour Marriott Hotels & Resorts

Question: Discuss about theOrganisational Behaviourfor Marriott Hotels Resorts. Answer: Introduction In the current report, the chosen organisation is Marriott Hotels Resorts, Australia. Particularly, in Australia, the organisation has set up its business in four different locations namely, Brisbane, Melbourne, Sydney, and Surfers Paradise (Allen, 2016). The hotel comprises of restaurant, bar, caf, swimming pool, fitness centre and also sauna. Marriot hotels and resorts, Australia was titled as the Aon Hewitt best of the best in the year 2013 (dos Santos, Mxas, and Meirio, 2017, pp.217). Australia has proved to be a significant market source for the companys loyalty program, which made Marriot International to double its business, both in terms of brand recognition as well as in terms of earning profit margin. The upcoming projects of the company are Ritz-Carlton in Sydney and Aloft hotel in Perth, both of which are worth $500 million (de la Soledad Celemin-Pedroche, 2016, pp. 97). It is reported that the future projects will provide 2500 hotel job opportunities. Apart from this, t he company planned to introduce a six-star Bulgari and JW Marriot in Australia. Organisational Behaviour Strategies In any organisation, the workplace environment is the prime factor on which the overall organisational activity depends. Further in this context, according to Robson et al. (2016, pp. 29), it is the responsibility of managers to understand the needs and behaviour of the employees. The result of such measures is thus linked with the continuity of work, avoiding any risk such as induction of negative emotions, resistance to change, and bringing innovation to the work practices. The organisational behavioural strategies are thus linked with the paradigm that in turn will be responsible for effective workforce management and suitable resource utilisation (Magnini and Simon, 2016, pp. 305). The Context According to Marriot International, right treatment with employees generates loyalty in them which ultimately results in better customer service and company can earn more profit. The mentioned strategies are adopted from the Rajiv Menon who is responsible for maintaining Marriott portfolio in Australia (Yoon, Yoon, Jang, and Lee, 2016, pp. 1577). The Organisational behaviour within Marriot group of hotels describes the interaction, behaviour and communication of the employees within the organisation with the purpose to greet customers, manage the responsibility sharing, and working to achieve competitive advantage with optimal customer satisfaction (Robinson, 2016, pp. 1051). Adopted Strategies Related to Organisational Behaviour The company gives its first priority to its employees and so takes care of them, especially in terms of their requirement and needs. According to Terry Kim et al. (2013, pp. 683), the mentioned strategy is effective in minimise the work burden and offer the employees adequate satisfaction for their job. Consequences of Mentioned Strategies It is dependent on work attitudes like job performance, satisfactory performance and commitment. It provides them with training facility, performance reward and opportunities for advancement. It provides the employees of flexible hours, which helps them to manage personal and professional life efficiently. Marriot International organises a grand annual award ceremony for offering outstanding performance award for its selected employees worldwide. It provides the liberty to its employees to share information, discuss problem and mingle in the stand-up meeting before each shift. It believes on the principle of hire friendly and train technically, which makes the company to hire people based on their attitude and personality and trains them according to their jobs (Terry Kim, Lee, Paek and Lee, 2013, pp. 683). After recruitment, the company spends more than a week to provide training before they joining the duty. The training makes the employees immersed into the culture of the hotel an d simultaneously learn the traits of their respective job and corporate culture. When a staff is fully trained, the level of confidence increases leading to minimum risk of employee turnover. Thus, the company exempts itself from the loss of staff turnover and the economic investment on training replacements (Yoon, Yoon, Jang and Lee, 2016, pp. 1577). It also cross-trains their employees, making an individual employees specialized in several different jobs. High employee engagement has direct impact on business outcome and brand reputation. High employee engagement of Marriot is dependent on higher guest satisfaction, higher market share, higher staff retention, lower payroll margins and lower turnover (Magnini and Simon, 2016, pp. 305). Organisational Behaviour Factors Contribute to Organisational Success The research in context to organisational behaviour with reference to Marriot group of hotels (Australia) three theories are identified, viz. (i) human relations; (ii) scientific management; and (iii) systems theory. The relevance of these theories is mainly linked with the culture persisting within the organisation which in turn governs the interaction mode of people with each other. According to Tuna et al. (2016, pp. 366), the communication mechanism, mode of working, flexibility of employees towards change, and attitude of work responsibility to achieve the organisational objective are also relational to these theories that constitutes important attribute to organisational behaviour factors. Relation Theory According to the human relation theory, there exist horizontal communication among the employees of Marriot hotel which helps in problem solving, collaboration and conflict resolution (Li, Wong and Kim, 2016, pp. 1). Sustainability strategy is the key element within the human relation theory is the key factor for Marriots success that dictates the business line success in Australia. The company is able to create job opportunities, support local business and grow the local tourism infrastructure through its power of travel. Notably, this business model created 284 million employment jobs worldwide in 2015 and that the employee turnover is reflective to be only 10.5% in this year. Likewise, in another report by Al-Refaie et al. (2015, pp. 293), it was mentioned that Marriott have invested 5-fold more revenue in offering incentives, promotional hikes, and suitable provision for their employees since 2012 to present date, which is responsible for their success in terms of retention of sk ilful employees, managing excellent service standards, and reduces the investment on training up to 10%, which is considered to be remarkable achievement compared to its rivalry companies. Another factor within this scope, responsible for its success is business ethics and human rights, which describes ethical standards and fundamental values for its associates. It protects human rights within the organisation and conduct the business within the Universal Declaration of Human Rights. To support human rights, the company had started global effort for stopping human trafficking. According to human rights campaign, the corporate equality index score for Marriot in 2015 is 100%, and makes its the worlds most ethical company in the same year for 8th time (de la Soledad Celemin-Pedroche, 2016, pp. 97). Theory of Scientific Management According to Karatepe et al. (2014, pp. 307), the scientific management theory dictates that the company focuses on economic efficiency and labour productivity through motivational incentives. Another factor is the responsibility of safety, health and wellbeing of their gusts and associates. This healthy workplace environment responsible towards the organisational success and several formal programs have been arranged in this respect. To fulfil this effort deep fryer is eliminated in the employee cafeteria making 28% more healthy nutrition. Onsite gym, fitness centres, meditation rooms are available for associates. The theory of scientific management is reflective with the effort to develop leadership trait among the employees, which in turn facilitate effective management of responsibility sharing, delegations, and negotiation of task. The effective measures of company in this regard is reflective with conferences, workshop conductance, and invitation of world-class leaders in 8 eve nts at Marriot, Australia (Robson, 2016, pp. 29). Another most effective measure within this organisational behavioural context is the communication mechanism which suggests that employees can express their views and leaders need to negotiate the context with accurate evaluation. According to the CEO, Mr. Menon, changes in communication measures and implementation of electronic record management are the key steps that offers platform of globalisation to Marriott. The reason is mainly linked with easier analysis of market trend and requirement of customers, which in turn help the teams to manage their environment to align with demands of customers (Li, Wong, and Kim, 2016, pp. 1). System Theory Systems theory defines the Marriot hotel as a set of inter-reliant part connected through communication flows. According to Karatepe and Demir et al. (2014, pp. 307), multi property vice president Marriot International, Australia (Neeraj Chadda), dictated a statement that success is never the final and searching new ways should not be stopped. The implication of this theory suggests that the organisational behaviour factor responsible for Marriots success is supporting global diversity and creating opportunities for their suppliers, associates, and guests. This strength of Marriott hotel made it to open 15 Marriot hotels in Australia and more 15 are under consideration (dos Santos, Mxas and Meirio, 2017, pp. 217). Its sustainability strategies include producing resource-efficient hotels, supporting innovative management initiatives, training related to human rights to the associates, promoting tourism through supporting for visa and entry policies. As a result of this, the incoming r evenue for the company experiences increment of 9.3% and 17.5% from foreign and domestic tourist (Gordon and Adler, 2017, pp. 308). This increment in the profitability scale as well as in terms of brand popularity is reflective to their system management which smoothens the customer experiences and focus on the requirement of customers. References: Allen, L. 2016. Marriott International confirms plans for more Australian hotels. [Assessed from https://www.theaustralian.com.au/business/property/marriott-international-confirms-plans-for-more-australian-hotels/news-story/430e1b979d8ed67c7af74ccdbd40f9b6 Dated 25 Jan 2017]. Al-Refaie, A., 2015. Effects of human resource management on hotel performance using structural equation modeling.Computers in Human Behavior,43, pp.293-303. de la Soledad Celemin-Pedroche, M., Rodrguez-Antn, J.M., del Mar Alonso-Almeida, M. and Rubio-Andrada, L., 2016. Human and other critical factors in organisational learning in the hotel industry: A contingency approach.Tourism Management Studies,12(1), pp.97-106. dos Santos, R.A., Mxas, M.P. and Meirio, M.J., 2017. Sustainability and hotel business: criteria for holistic, integrated and participative development.Journal of Cleaner Production,142, pp.217-224. Gordon, S. and Adler, H., 2017. Employee perceptions of well-being and organizational wellness offerings: A study of line-level employees in select-service hotels.Journal of Human Resources in Hospitality Tourism,16(3), pp.308-330. Karatepe, O. and Demir, E., 2014. Linking core self-evaluations and work engagement to work-family facilitation: a study in the hotel industry.International Journal of Contemporary Hospitality Management,26(2), pp.307-323. Li, J.J., Wong, I.A. and Kim, W.G., 2016. Effects of psychological contract breach on attitudes and performance: The moderating role of competitive climate.International Journal of Hospitality Management,55, pp.1-10. Magnini, V.P. and Simon, C.J., 2016. Fostering service quality in hotel chains through a focus on employee development and performance.The Routledge Handbook of Hotel Chain Management, p.305. Robinson, R.N., Robinson, R.N., Kralj, A., Kralj, A., Solnet, D.J., Solnet, D.J., Goh, E., Goh, E., Callan, V.J. and Callan, V.J., 2016. Attitudinal similarities and differences of hotel frontline occupations.International Journal of Contemporary Hospitality Management,28(5), pp.1051-1072. Robson, K., Plangger, K., Kietzmann, J.H., McCarthy, I. and Pitt, L., 2016. Game on: Engaging customers and employees through gamification.Business horizons,59(1), pp.29-36. Terry Kim, T., Lee, G., Paek, S. and Lee, S., 2013. Social capital, knowledge sharing and organizational performance: what structural relationship do they have in hotels?.International Journal of Contemporary Hospitality Management,25(5), pp.683-704. Tuna, M., Ghazzawi, I., Yesiltas, M., Tuna, A.A. and Arslan, S., 2016. The effects of the perceived external prestige of the organization on employee deviant workplace behavior: The mediating role of job satisfaction.International Journal of Contemporary Hospitality Management,28(2), pp.366-396. Yoon, D., Yoon, D., Jang, J., and Lee, J., 2016. Environmental management strategy and organizational citizenship behaviors in the hotel industry: The mediating role of organizational trust and commitment.International Journal of Contemporary Hospitality Management,28(8), pp.1577-1597.

Coaching and Mentoring in Business

Introduction Coaching and mentoring is very important in human development. Almost every sports personality, successful businesses, outstanding students, successful families have had either a coach or a mentor in their lives. The modern world has embraced fully, these two terms and is exploiting them to realize their full potential.Advertising We will write a custom essay sample on Coaching and Mentoring in Business specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More Their popularity is credited to the uncountable success they have brought to individuals, groups and corporate clients. Coaching and mentoring usually share numerous similarities, regardless of whether they are done for reward (professionals) or for philanthropic purposes. This paper will explore coaching and mentoring, and in particular, concern itself with its benefits to business activities and management (Emelo, 2011, p. 44-49). Definitions Coaching is defined as the process through which learning and development are allowed to happen with the intention of improving performance. Coaches are required to have a thorough understanding of the knowledge, skills, techniques and styles suitable for the context under which coaching is to take place. This way he/she is capable of instilling confidence and ability to the learner. Mentoring refers to the process of providing guidance to another person in how he/she makes momentous transitions in work, thinking or knowledge (The New York Times Company, 2011, p. 1). Mentoring impart the mentee with confidence to make significant decisions that would help achieve success. Business coaching and mentoring is very important in instilling knowledge, skills, styles, and techniques as well as the ability to make significant decisions that are aimed at improving an individual’s achievement or business goals (The Coaching Mentoring Network Ltd., 2010, p. 1). Similarities and differences of coaching and mentoring Coaching an d Mentoring associate several ways since they aim at almost similar objectives such as exploring in individuals, their corporate needs, desires, skills and motivation, the aim of which is to help the them make genuine and long lasting modifications. Other similarities include, questioning techniques, progressive support of clients, observation, and listening techniques to understand the context, among others. Their main differences include the fact that in mentoring, when considered in its traditional context, implies that the mentor must be experienced in the line of mentorship, in most cases, the older and wiser take this responsibility to pass knowledge, which are of significant help to the mentee. On the other hand, coaching may be done even if the coach does not have direct experience of occupational responsibilities of the client , unless it requires focus on specific skills (The Coaching Mentoring Network Ltd., 2010, p. 1).Advertising Looking for essay on business econ omics? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More Coaching and Mentoring in Business Several changes that occur due to restructuring, mergers as well as acquisitions always prompt companies to outsource coaching and mentoring services. These services are nowadays provided to all professionals in companies for personal development purposes. They are aimed at promoting morale, productivity and motivation to lessen staff turnover, as it makes them feel connected and valued. This is usually done by internal mentors or coaching staff or in some cases outsourced. Coaching and mentoring is a two-way relationship, which affords the employee significant benefits of fulfilling his/her goals as the business or organization achieve their goals (The Coaching Mentoring Network Ltd., 2010, p. 1). Recent trends show that more individuals have made steps to hire their own private coaches and mentors, giving them a greater responsibility in maximizing their p otentials as well as achieve their personal objectives (ÄÅ'iutienÄâ€" Neverauskas Meiliene, 2010, 444-449). Conclusion Coaching and mentoring are very important in a business organization as they help impart a sense of belonging, moral, motivational, individual responsibility as well as the fulfillment of both personal and organizational objectives. This is important in ensuring continued focus and attainment of business goals. It also readies the staff for any eventualities like mergers and adjustments in responsibilities that may follow such changes (Madlock, 2010, p. 42-62). Reference List ÄÅ'iutienÄâ€", R. Neverauskas, B. Meiliene, E. (2010). Coaching as a Tool to Develop Employees Career. Economics and management. ISSN 1822-6515 (p. 444-449) Emelo, R. (2011). Creating a new Mindset. In T+D (pp. 44-49) Madlock, P. E. (2010). The Effects of Supervisors’ Verbal Aggression and Mentoring on Their Subordinates. In Journal of Business Communication (pp. 42-62) The Coach ing Mentoring Network Ltd. (2010). What is Coaching. Coaching Network. Retrieved from: http://new.coachingnetwork.org.uk/information-portal/what-are-coaching-and-mentoring/#BuscoachingAdvertising We will write a custom essay sample on Coaching and Mentoring in Business specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More The New York Times Company (2011). Top 15 Characteristics of a Successful Mentor. The New York Times. Retrieved from https://www.thebalancecareers.com/human-resources-4161680 This essay on Coaching and Mentoring in Business was written and submitted by user Danica Rosario to help you with your own studies. You are free to use it for research and reference purposes in order to write your own paper; however, you must cite it accordingly. You can donate your paper here.

Swot Analysis on Hindustan Unilever Essays

Swot Analysis on Hindustan Unilever Essays Swot Analysis on Hindustan Unilever Essay Swot Analysis on Hindustan Unilever Essay According to the study made by me, HLL has basic problems but which have to be dealt with planned strategy. Now we got to see where the problem lies, looking at the market itself will give us a lot of ideas, India is a developing nation with a massive population where majority areas are rural and people living in there are uneducated, moreover to get to these customers is very difficult as the mode of transport to these people are difficult and time taking. In that kind of situation a large company like HLL needs to think over a plan of action where the flow of their products is consistent and is being bought through effective marketing. Here manpower needed for the task is huge at hand and needs to be taken care of, this brings in a newer problem where people can’t be employed from one area and made to work in these different rural areas, the reason being that every state in India speaks a different language, therefore employees of the same area need to be employed. The fact that the task is massive gives a lot of pressure on the company, here the human resource, marketing representatives etc. are required to pull in together to get to a proper liable solution. Let us see the main important problem and also what plan can be used to deal with this problem. The first problem identified by me is that the company is facing problems to train the employees in the rural areas as they are far to reach and sending people to train is becoming expensive. Moreover as of now the company has still covered up only 12 states and so there are more states to cover, as India consists of 28 states. So the rest of the 16 states have to be yet penetrated. With every state speaking different languages it becomes difficult for personnel from one place to go and communicate with them. Knowing culture is a big part of assistance that is needed to know. Now the problem here is that the Shakti project aims at recruiting women as a social achievement. But it comes with a great price as the remote rural culture believes that women are not supposed to work or carry out business, this would result in a chaos among the society which will be against the company’s interest, moreover overcoming such a problem will make the company take more drastic steps to do better. If we go to look at the other kind of problem that HLL face, than we come to know that transport is a big issue for them as the reach to the inner most areas of some villages is difficult by large vehicles and other means of transport needs to be used which is more time consuming. The lack of training that the employees have are one of the major problems that the company will face as the motive is to keep the customers consistent, therefore making the situation more tuff as the employees working with the company are not trained well enough or in other words are not shown the importance of who they represent. The motivation level of the employee will die soon if the sale is not good enough this would make it very difficult for the company which is HLL to keep hiring new staff and training them which would be very devastating. Now as we know what all the problems are that HLL faces we need to see as to what solutions are very much reliable that can be made use of and what tools could we use to make this problem non-existent. As we see the clear problem of the statement is that training is needed for the employees and so the part of the responsibility is of the human resource. Moreover information technology is very important in this kind of a situation as the method of training staff becomes easy and education or information is passed on more smoothly and efficiently. As we see now the concept of the problem and its solution is very much connected, we only have to see how to analyse the situation. We got to take the following analysis Although, rural areas in India have a very small idea about technology and it’s growth, we have to see how is the use of such information going to help solve a problem of transport and also expense of training, so therefore the first plan is to use information systems that can improve the overall performance of the organization and its employees, by doing so we would be able to improve the level of communication from the company to the employees in the rural areas, by installing computer hubs in the rural areas at the entrepreneur’s location where the people under the entrepreneur would be able to get any kind of information that they need. Law education, health and safety education, and much more which will be a very good objective to make sure the employees are well aware of what is right and wrong by law. More over this IT information can also be used to train employees without sending the trainers to the rural areas directly. With the use of Skype and other forms of internet faced live conversations, where video chat is free of charge and the training can be done from the company itself through a aim of knowing what problems the employees face’s, by which the company will be able to look at situations where they can help improve the situation and also improve their sales. More effective trainings can be done through distribution of video cd’s or DVD’s, in which the complete system of training would be visually done to keep the employees up to date and more motivated. This would then help employees become more efficient in their work and the cost for all of it would not be too much. The second plan would be segmenting the customers by age, sex, income levels and so on by this a clear picture will be portrayed and what has to be done. In rural villages in India the majority of the people are family oriented and have a huge number of family members, so we would have to look at the number of people majority in the age groups and also take in account how the income level is as the product has to be to the comfort of the people buying it. After looking into this we could than make an assumption whether or not a particular product would be advisable to sell there or not, or also find the idea as to how many products a bought at an average every day and on this making a thorough note. The third analytical plan is the method of motivating training your staff, which would be more of the human resource side, this is very much important as the employees that the companies are dealing with are not very educated in the field of the work they do so they would need a lot of guidance and help from the human resource team making them fell important and part of the company rather than just middle men doing their job for the third party.

Using a country of your choice as an example demonstrate how the Essay

Using a country of your choice as an example demonstrate how the government seeks to compensate for market failures.(Japan) - Essay Example Externality effects would gradually become global as globally integrated markets develop. As externalities become huge they pose challenge to achieving macroeconomic stability which in turn challenges the international political architecture. ‘Efficient’ allocation of resources according to economists implies that all possible mutually beneficial trades have been exhausted (Holtom, 2011). This means that proper coordination between willing buyers and sellers has been accomplished. The nature and extent of market failure determines the role that government would play and whether government intervention is at all necessary. Markets rarely correspond to the ideals of a perfectly competitive market as defined by the economic theory (Rama and Harvey). These imperfectly competitive markets may have efficiently allocated resources to derive the best value. Certain conditions termed as ‘market failures’ render government intervention necessary. While failure to syst ematically allocate resources is evidence of inefficient allocation of resources but this is not sufficient reason to justify government intervention. Government intervention in markets can be costly and the benefits must far outweigh the costs if government were to intervene. However, some governments believe that the role of government is benevolent during such externalities (Dolfsma, 2011). In fact institutional economics believe that market cannot function unless they are embedded in a broader set of interrelated institutions. However, government interventions can reduce efficiency through unintended consequences such as distortionary taxes, special interests or maybe just simple errors of judgment (Holtom, 2011). All market failures do not warrant policy action and hence the cost-benefit analysis is essential. A market-oriented economy may produce income inequalities. A person may produce some very efficient product which benefits the society but there is no gain for the poorer people of the society. Moreover it is not possible to exclude non-payers from utilizing a ‘public good’. However, market failures occur when an inefficiently high or low amount of good in question is produced and is directed to markets where they do not receive the desired value (Holtom, 2011). This reduces in value the perfect market conditions. This can be applied to the entertainment and the theme park industry in Japan. Japan is known for the largest global growth for theme parks and the amusement industry. Tokyo Disneyland (TDL) demonstrated solid performance and made a substantial impact on the host economy (Kawamura and Hara, 2010). Being part of the tourism industry they brought in extensive cash flow from the non-resident tourist. However, the rush of theme parks in Japan overlapped with the bubble economy in the late 1980s and early 1990s. Local governments in Japan suffered as an effect of deindustrialization following the bubble economy. Market failures in the theme park industry led to government intervention in several ways but these were found to be counter productive. To revitalize the local economy the development of theme parks was considered essential. Resources were inefficiently allocated to make the theme parks sustainable and help the local economies. Abundance of construction loans were given for theme parks. In addition, the central governments paid subsidies to the local governments and the

Should Project Managers Behave Like Prima Donnas Article

Should Project Managers Behave Like Prima Donnas - Article Example The balancing act is about taking the different stakeholder requirements together and then ensuring that everything falls together for the common purpose of meeting the project deliverables. This then is the bottom-line guideline for project managers. The practice of management for the express purpose of delivering customer delight and stakeholder value. This paper looks at the components of project management and the way in which the project manager has to ensure that conflicting and competing demands on his or her time and bandwidth are managed to ensure optimal success for the project. I answer the question of whether the project manager must be a Prima Donna by referring to the situational and contextual aspects of project management. The contention of this author is that project managers and the art of project management is highly contextual and situation dependant that theory can only point the way and it is up to the individual to make the decisions and tread the path accordingly. Real world scenarios often have a way of surprising the most experienced project manager and hence theory can only help to a point in making decisions that affect real people. Thus, one way of looking at the question is that project managers have to combine the science of project management with the art of people and process management to achieve optimal results. Project Management combines statistics and people skills in equal measure and it is incumbent upon the project manager to plan their strategies accordingly. According to the PMBOK 3rd edition, A project is defined as a â€Å"temporary endeavor with a beginning and an end and it must be used to create a unique product, service or result†. Further, it is progressively elaborated. What this definition of a project means is that projects are those activities that cannot go on indefinitely.

Irish Government Foreign Policy

Irish Government Foreign Policy The X Liberation Party have been duly elected to govern the state of X and, after the election, the party renounced the former constitution and enacted two pieces of radical legislation, firstly the Rendition Research Institute Act 2006 which permits the government to feely interrogate and torture people without any judicial or legal oversight and, secondly, a statute that forbids the use of the word rendition in any form of publication and breaking this law is punishable by death. Perhaps understandably, the Irish lawyers who are working in the state of X refuse to recognise the new lawyers presumably because the laws curtail the freedom of speech, permit torture at the behest of the government and provide for capital punishment for a relatively menial offence. The Irish government takes a hard line Kelsenite view on all matters of recognition and dealings with foreign states, that is, the government’s policies are based on the extensive theories of Hans Kelsen, an Austrian jurist who advocated legal positivism and the pure theory of law. Legal positivism involves attempting to explain what the law is, not what it ought to be. The theory is concerned with the science of law and not legal politics. However, Kelsen’s theories differed slightly from those of other legal positivists because Kelsen viewed a legal statement as a normative statement, a statement of how one ought to behave. Consequently, Kelsen developed his pure theory of law. The theory is pure partly because it does not focus on justice and is stripped of its ideological, political, economic and historical dressings. In Kelsen’s words ‘the pure theory of law simply declares itself incompetent to answer either the question whether a given law is just or not, or the more fundamental question of what constitutes justice’[1]. Kelsen believes that ‘the pure science of law seeks the real and possible law, not the just, and in this sense it is radically realistic and empirical. It declines to justify or condemn’[2]. The fact that the law exists does not guarantee that the legal order is just. In Kelsen’s opinion, any legal order is comprised of general norms and each norm depends on a higher norm for its validity; the theory of the hierarchical system of norms. Of course, this hierarchical system is not infinite; the highest norm in the system is the basic norm or ‘grundnorm’, and does not depend on another norm for its validity. The basic norm will often be the constitution and is presupposed to be valid due to a transcendental-logical presupposition[3]. This is because the basic norm has the function to found the objective validity of the subjective meaning of the acts by which the constitution is created.[4] The norms that are below the basic norm are valid because the basic norm has conferred objective validity on these general norms. Kelsen also hypothesised about the consequence of changing the basic norm in relation to whether the change would be valid.[5] Kelsen described the situation whereby a group of individuals seize power by force and remove the legitimate government to introduce a republican government. Kelsen believed that if the citizens conform to the new order, the new order will be valid. This is because, in Kelsen’s opinion, in order for a norm to be valid it has to be efficacious and the norm must command a sufficiency of adherence or obedience from the majority of citizens to validate it; universal or total obedience is not essential. The X liberation party was duly elected to power by a majority of citizens and the party has the support of the military and the police, thereby satisfying the sufficiency of adherence requirement. The validity and efficacy of the new laws would only be questioned if the majority of the citizens of X did not attach credence to the laws or if they avoided compliance. The legal order that was in place prior to the X liberation party coming to power lost its efficacy and consequently every norm lost its validity because the whole legal order was annulled in a constitutional way.[6] Kelsen also believes that the validity of the basic norm is presupposed and that ‘coercive acts ought to be carried out only under the conditions and in the way determined by the â€Å"fathers† of the constitution’.[7] On this basis, it is clear that the Irish government’s stance is that the basic and general norms enacted by the X liberation party are valid legal norms that should be obeyed by the Irish lawyers. The Irish lawyers may believe that the new statutes are morally reprehensible. However, value judgments and moral or ethical considerations are irrelevant from a Kelsenite perspective. Kelsen completely rejected any connection between law and morals and theorised that all historical, sociological and ideological issues were beyond the scope of his pure theory of law. Kelsen distinguished between law and morals on the grounds that law is a coercive normative order that attempts to bring about a certain type of behaviour by attaching to the opposite behaviour a socially organised coercive act[8] such as the forcible taking away of life, of freedom or of economic or other value, whereas a morality based system comprises of a social order without sanctions where merely approbation of norm-conforming behaviour and disapprobation of norm-opposing behaviour is given. To Kelsen, morals are merely propositions that describe our subjective preferences for behaviour that is impossible to prove objectively; morals are essentially irrational because they merely express different feelings and intuition.[9] Indeed, from a Kelsenite viewpoint any law, even if it was considerably harsher and more morally reprehensible that X’s current laws, is valid if it satisfies the principle of efficacy and can rely on a higher norm for its valid legal existence because, according to Kelsen, ‘there is no kind of human behaviour that, because of its nature, could not be made into a legal duty corresponding to a legal right’.[10] Therefo re, as the rule book of the X liberation party is a valid basic norm according to Kelsen’s theory, the Irish government believes that these laws should be obeyed and will not consider any question as to whether the laws are just or morally sound. Indeed, ‘what content this constitution or the natural legal order built on its foundations has, be that order just or unjust, does not come into question, not whether that legal order guarantees relative peace within the community constituted by it’[11] Even where the punishment that results from breaking a law is death, Kelsen believes that, provided the law satisfies the validity and efficacy requirements, the law is correct and should be obeyed, notwithstanding the fact that capital punishment is used as a sanction for a trivial law such as the law enacted by the X liberation party which allows the government to punish by death any person who uses the word rendition in a publication. Kelsen specifically addresses the validity of a law where the ultimate sanction for breach is death.[12] Kelsen believes that when one individual deprives another of his life the law will be legal ‘only if it is prescribed by an individual legal norm, namely as an act that ought to be performed’[13]. Such a severe law will be valid ‘because this individual norm was created in applying a criminal law that contains a general norm according to which†¦the death penalty ought to be inflicted’[14]. Its validity stems from the fact that the law was ‘created by the legislature, and the legislature, in turn, is authorised by the constitution to create general norms’[15]. Therefore, as the party rule book is the valid basic norm of the legal order of the state of X, the general norms created by the X liberation party are also valid and must be followed by the Irish lawyers, including the norm that prescribes death as a punishment for contravening that norm. If the Irish lawyers contravene the laws of X, they themselves could face imprisonment or even death. Bibliography L.B. Curzon, â€Å"Jurisprudence†, 1995, 2nd ed. Cavendish Publishing Ltd M.D.A. Freeman, â€Å"Lloyds: Introduction to Jurisprudence†, 2001, 7th ed. Sweet and Maxwell W. Morrison, â€Å"Jurisprudence: From the Greeks to post-modernism†, 1997, Cavendish Publishing Ltd J. Penner; D. Schiff R. Nobles, â€Å"Introduction to Jurisprudence and Legal Theory: Commentary and Materials†, 2002, Butterworths Lexis Nexis Footnotes [1] L.B. Curzon, â€Å"Jurisprudence†, 1995, 2nd ed. Cavendish Publishing Ltd at para 12.3 [2] ibid. [3] Kelsen, â€Å"The Pure Theory of Law†, 1945, at pg. 201 [4] Kelsen, â€Å"Professor Stone and the Theory of Law2, 1965, 17 Stan. LR 1130, at 1141 [5] Kelsen, â€Å"General Theory of Law State†, 2005, Transaction Publishing at p. 115 [6] ibid. at 119 [7] ibid. at 117 [8] J. Penner; D. Schiff R. Nobles, â€Å"Introduction to Jurisprudence and Legal Theory: Commentary and Materials†, 2002, Butterworths Lexis Nexis, p 196 [9] W. Morrison, â€Å"Jurisprudence: From the Greeks to post-modernism†, 1997, Cavendish Publishing Ltd p. 333 [10] Kelsen, â€Å"The Pure Theory of Law†, 1945 at p. 113 [11] Kelsen, â€Å"The Function of a Constitution†, 1986, at pg. 116 [12] Kelsen, â€Å"The Pure Theory of Law†, 1967, translated from Kelsen, â€Å"Reine Rechtslehre†, 1960, 2nd ed. [13] ibid. [14] ibid. [15] ibid.

A Global Language Essay

As a Untied States citizen, English is the first language of any American citizen. If we add another foregin language to the criteria of our nation, The United States would not be a mixed diversity of race anymore. The Ethnicity would be the same, but our race would be different. For example, The United States of America has been a diverse country with many races such as, American, African American, Hispanic, Chinese, etc. As the generation ages, the country should be open to learning a new languages. When a language acquires a global identity as English has done, many unexpected things can happen. The two main conflicting issues that have come out as a problem are identity and internationalism. Internationalism here means the ability for a language to be understood. It calls for a standard that is agreed in terms of grammar, vocabulary, spelling, punctuations and the conventions of its use. There is no doubt whatsoever about English being a global language in these times we are leaving in. It has become the language of communication and technology and any one who does not want to be left behind in all this has no option but to learn it and eventually English speakers in the coming years will increase extremely. This in itself will disadvantage the native English speakers as they will be outnumbered by the non-native English speakers. They will be the only ones speaking one language as they will see no reason in learning a second language. With time the English language will be controlled be the many non-native speakers who will have become competent in it. The language will then diversify into many versions that will then bring about a lesser understanding than it was initially intended. Communication is the most phenomenal factor in the live of human beings and this has been greatly advanced by the existence of global language. This is language that is used beyond the borders of a single country and this has created understandings among the countries. A global language is sometimes known as ‘lingua franca’ and includes French, English, Latin, and German among others. Having such a language is sometimes beneficial and may also be detrimental to those who are using it. This discussion will explore the instances where English as a global language is overridden by disadvantages. It is important to note that most of people use English as their second language besides their native language. People whose English as their mother-tongue language have an advantage over the other group of people since they easily develop the ability to manipulate the language. This will however be disadvantageous to the other speakers who have English as their second language and will have many problems and waste most of their time trying to master the language. Dominance of English as a language also creates the notion in the minds of many people that their native language is not important and unnecessary. This will create a room of discrimination of the minor groups in the society and further enhance it because language in most cases is used as an identity. This may make the threatened individuals to abandon their language thus enhancing extinction.

Disorderly Sleeping

Disorderly Sleeping Ethane Mesa-Morale's Franklin University Morning person? Night owl? Something in between? When are you at your best? Vie found that no matter the hour of day, I am the best me I can be after a good nights' sleep. Sleep a wonderful state of unconsciousness after shopping at the mall with a four year, a five year old, a six year old, and a 7 year old. Let's face it for some of us sleep is a luxury, better than a day at the spa, but the reasoning behind sleep and the various disorders, damages and wonders it can cause are a mystery to even the brightest scientific minds.What do we really know about the all-powerful world of sleep? We know that we should sleep at least 8 of every 24 hours. We know that there are 24 hours in a day and we know that it takes the earth 24 hours to rotate. (Rather, 100) Coincidence? I think not. The earth turns too circadian rhythm or cycle that is connected with the twenty four hour period of the earth's rotation, but we don't know why. F or now this remains one of the great mysteries of the universe, literally. So, what happens when we sleep? During most of our day, we are awake, conscious of the world around us.Once a body realizes it is tired, the natural reaction is to relax. As our bodies begin to get drowsy our consciousness or awareness begins to slip away into the unconscious state of sleep. We are then in whole new world. One where there are five progressive stages of unconsciousness. Four stages of NORM (non- rapid eye movement sleep) and ERM (rapid eye movement) sleep. In stage one of NORM, our bodies assisted by slowed brain waves that create a theta pattern, which have a frequency of about 6 to 8 cycles per second and are accompanied by slow, rolling eyes.Stage one is the lightest stage of sleep, and could also be considered dozing. In stage 2 of NORM sleep, brain waves slow Just a bit at 4 to 7 cycles per second. Stages 3 and 4 are considered the deep sleep stages and produce brain waves called delta th at cycle approximately 0. 5 to 2 times per second. (Rather, 101) It is at this time when it gets interesting. One would think after stage 4, there would be a transfer into ERM sleep, which is said to be the deepest sleep of all. This doesn't happen.The cycle is then reversed and from stage four we go cycle back though stages 3, 2, and 1. Upon returning to stage 1, we then fall into ERM sleep. Therefore it would be logical to conclude that while ERM sleep is much deeper than stage 1 sleep, the brain waves are extremely similar. The difference here would be in the amplitude of the brain waves and the rapidity of eye movement. During ERM sleep, our eyes tend to dart around rapidly as if searching for something lost that is urgently needed. Earlier we determined that sleep is necessary to function at 100%.Unfortunately, there are problems related to sleep that can interfere with our ability to function at inability to fall asleep or stay asleep, narcolepsy also, known as sleep attacks, pane, sleep terrors, bed-wetting and sleepwalking. Insomnia is a common sleep disorder affecting approximately 2/g's of adults each year. Pane is a sleep disorder in which an affected patient stops breathing often several hundred times a night. Sleep terrors are similar to nightmares but are extremely terrifying and interrupt sleep. Both bed-wetting and sleep-walking are both thought to end with maturity although, have been known to happen well into adulthood.Narcolepsy, while being a sleep disorder does not happen while you are asleep, instead it makes you fall asleep suddenly with no warning while you appear to be wide awake. It is a dangerous disorder and can cause various accidents including loss of life or limb. It is said that Abnormalities in the hypothetic system may be responsible for the daytime sleepiness and abnormal ERM sleep found in narcolepsy. (Chunk) It can often go undiagnosed or misdiagnosed for years delaying treatment and preventing a cure. Once it has been corr ectly diagnosed, Amphetamines can be used in treatment.It is also suggested that regular exercise and exposure to bright eight be used for alertness in combination with alertness medicines prescribed by a physician. Sleeping disorders come in all shapes and sizes, and affect the smallest of children to the oldest of adults. For example, currently the sleep disorder in my family, and that of many families with young children is befitting. My son, who is four, Just can't seem to get up and get to the bathroom in time. The remedy in our house at the present time is to attempt to wake him up around 2 or 3 in the morning, unfortunately we don't always get to him before, well the you know, happens.Previously Vie had issues with sleep pane due to a medication given to me in the hospital. I was constantly monitored by nurses, who would constantly wake me to give me breathing treatments. Fortunately, insomnia is not a non-issue until about 7 am on Saturday and my darling devils decide it's t ime to play, but I suppose that form of insomnia is not a disorder. References Rather. S. A. (2011). Psych 1 10: Franklin University. Mason, Ohio: Coinage Learning Chunk,J. P. (2010). Narcolepsy. Retrieved from http://www. Medicine. Com/ narcolepsy/article. HTML

Does Social Workers Improve The Quality Of Life For...

Perspective to the Change in Behavior Social Workers are continuously seeking ways to improve the quality of life for clients, and they are also seeking innovative ways to empower clients to embrace change that impacts their lives positively. â€Å"The strengths perspective says that the client has the resources to overcome adversity but these resources may not be evident to the client† (Arnold, 2015). Just as social workers empower their clients to modify behaviors, the same method can be applicable to change in the lives of social workers. These changes provide social workers with the tools necessary to empathize with the difficulties clients may be challenged with when pursuing change. Therefore, some strengths that are recognized in conducting this behavior modification are as follows: study feels less dependent on caffeine for energy, study is sleeping better, study feels as if mood is not effected, study has found alternative options that are healthier, and more. The str ategies implemented to assist author with coping with behavior modification has encouraged her to continue alternating these strategies to eventually cease use of coffee and energy drinks completely. Another strength is the remarkable reduction over time of the use of either coffee or energy drink. Implications of Behavior Modifications One of the implications of this behavior modification is that a problematic behavior was determined and targeted. In targeting this behavior, the use of theoreticalShow MoreRelatedSocial Works Role 1288 Words   |  5 Pagessociety social work plays an extremely important role. With the misfortunes of many, social workers are there to lend a helping hand and to improve the quality of life to those who happen to be at a disadvantage and whom are less fortunate. 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