Funding and Lending Problems with China’s Three Gorges Dam Project :: Exploratory Essays Research Papers

Subsidizing and Lending Problems with China’s Three Gorges Dam Project The Three Gorges Project keeps on leaving a wake of natural and social offenses. A combination of activists and more than 45 global gatherings, including the International Rivers Network and Sierra Club, have battled the task and all its negative traits (Lammers 1). But since of the fate of its development, certain outcomes related with the Three Gorges Dam are unavoidable, particularly those subsequent from the immersion zones. Oppositely, there stay an assortment of results, explicitly concerning the effect of movement and resettlement, which could be limited and even maintained a strategic distance from if the essential advances were taken. Tragically, the current blend of financial matters and governmental issues between the State Development Bank of China and its loan specialists gives no protected gatekeepers against such offense. In spite of fights scarcely any progressions have been made to redress them. In the accompanying section, I will give a short foundation of the dam’s history and outcomes, uncover China’s current resettlement endeavors, and clarify why little change has been made to address these issues. At long last, I will give an elective arrangement and ideally concentrate to the most compelling part of the Three Gorges Project: subsidizing and loaning. The Three Gorges Dam and Reservoir is tentatively the biggest building accomplishment and development venture at any point attempted. The undertaking began as an answer for China’s long-standing issues with territory flood control (Shen 1). Before long, the plans were changed to joined a monster transporting path to the store and 26 hydroelectric generators to the dam (Sly 1). The task, which lives on China’s Yangtze stream, has entered the second period of consummation. Following the redirection of ordinary stream and traffic to a side channel, significant development of the coffer dam, which will apparently traverse in excess of a mile in width, has resulted (Sklar 4). What's more, major is no distortion considering the Chinese government is endeavoring to dam the world’s second biggest stream. The Three Gorges dam is evaluated to be more than 600 feet high and result in a store of more than 400 miles long (Lammers 1). The assets and materials to be devoured, past the 29 billion dollar quote, are to include: the 3.6 billion cubic feet of rock and soil... to be unearthed, 1 billion cubic feet of dike fill... moved, 900 million cubic feet of plain and fortified cement... to be poured, and about 300,000 ton s of metal structures.

India Today Essay

Gradually, however unquestionably, in the year 2000, India is starting to eradicate the Nehruvian implicit understanding that made the open area and bound the workers to a corporate unit and the corporate unit to the country. In the time of rebuilding and re-designing this has guided, workers are not, at this point esteemed assets however nonessential wares. What's more, in like manner, the businesses are no longer demi-divine beings and fuedal rulers in one. They will get one with an amazing situation of a private part, where the developing chief with the corporate experience of a lifetime may out of nowhere be discounted as miserably antiquated; and supplanted with a youthful geek, who alongside, possibly the new owner’s driver, will be perched on a pile of investment opportunities esteemed in millions. Obviously the time has come to contemplate riches and being well off in India today. The last time Indians contemplated being rich through joint possessions with non blacks, was in the nineteenth Century when the East India Company uncovered to the experienced Indians involving essential situations inside the framework, the loot capability of their property. They escaped. This proceeded for very nearly a century till memorable occasions activated an opportunity battle under Gandhi over the fair conveyance and taming of India’s riches. The vision kept going scarcely two decades. Political discussions at that point were about the evil impact of free enterprise and cash. It was alright to create occupations however not extraordinary riches which could degenerate our most hallowed establishments. Gradually some crusading analytical writers and business analysts followed this rationale and started to gather upsetting realities about the trumpeters of this brand of Hindu communism. They made dim disclosures over and over about faulty individual conduct and money related trickery that they had found among different political gatherings in influence.

How to Test Conformity With Your Own Experiment

How to Test Conformity With Your Own Experiment Student Resources Study Guides and Tips Print How to Test Conformity With Your Own Psychology Experiment By Kendra Cherry facebook twitter Kendra Cherry, MS, is an author, educational consultant, and speaker focused on helping students learn about psychology. Learn about our editorial policy Kendra Cherry Updated on September 17, 2019 skynesher / Getty Images More in Student Resources Study Guides and Tips APA Style and Writing Careers In This Article Table of Contents Expand History Examples Ideas for Conducting an Experiment View All Back To Top A conformity experiment can be an interesting project idea if you need to perform some sort of experiment for a psychology class. Learn more about the psychology of conformity and explore some conformity experiment ideas that you might want to consider. History of the Conformity Experiment During the 1950s, psychologist Solomon Asch conducted a series of experiments known as the Asch conformity experiments  that demonstrated the impact of social pressure on individual behavior.   In Aschs classic experiment, participants were told that they were in an experiment on vision. With a group of other people, they were asked to look at three lines of different lengths and determine which one was the longest. Participants were then placed with a group that they thought included other subjects in the study. In reality, the other individuals were actually confederates in the experiment. After a few trials where everyone stated the correct answer, the confederates all began choosing an incorrect answer. So how did the real participants respond when the other individuals in the group chose the wrong line as the correct response? When surrounded by other people citing the incorrect answer, 75% of the subjects gave an incorrect response to at least one of the line length questions. How do you think that you or your peers would react in a similar situation? If you are looking for a psychology experiment you can do for a class consider creating your own variation of the Asch conformity experiment.   Example of a Conformity Experiment One way to envision your own experiment is to consider some of the conformity experiments that have been performed in the past. Historical research as well as more recent variations can help you better determine how you might want to conduct your own experiment. Imagine this scenario: Youre in a math class, and the instructor asks a basic math question. What is 8 x 4? The teacher begins asking individual students in the room for the answer. You are surprised when the first student answers 27. Then the next student answers 27. And the next! When the teacher finally comes to you, do you trust your own math skills and say 32? Or do you go along with what the rest of the group seems to believe is the correct answer? Other Examples of Conformity Experiments One conformity experiment was performed on the TV show Candid Camera and involved a group of people on an elevator who all stood facing the rear of the elevator. Inevitably, everyone else who got on ended up also facing the rear so as not to stand out from the rest. One young man even turned repeatedly to every side along with the rest of the group and took off his hat when the others did. Other conformity experiments that have been performed include:Having a group of people stare up at a buildingPicketing with blank signs and pamphlets for no specific causeWhen one student leaves the classroom, the teacher has everyone else stand up when the student returns and sits down   Ideas for Conducting Your Own Conformity Experiment The following are just a few ideas of questions you could answer in your own psychology experiment: How does group size impact conformity? Try the experiment with different numbers of confederates, or helpers, to see how many other people must be present before a person starts conforming to the group.What effect does age have on conformity? Try the experiment with participants in different age groups to see if the results differ.What impact does gender have on conformity? Are women more likely to conform if the other participants are other women? Are men more likely to conform if the other participants are male? Try different variations to see what effect gender may have.How does the situation influence conformity? Are people more likely to conform in certain settings, such as a classroom, than they are in more natural, everyday settings? Run trials in different settings to see if there is a difference. For More Advice Performing a psychology experiment for class can be a bit intimidating. Before you begin, always talk about your experiment idea with your instructor and be sure that you have permission to carry out your project. In some cases, you will probably need to submit your idea for review beforehand in order to receive permission to experiment with human participants. 5 Important Steps for Conducting Psychology Experiments

Is Creationism Correct Or Is Theory Correct - 929 Words

How did we get here? Is Creationism correct or is Evolutionism correct? There have been studies, books, and even documentaries trying to prove one opinion or the other. In 1859, Charles Darwin published the Origin of Species. This book introduced Charles Darwin’s theory of evolution to the world. Darwin’s theory of evolution, Darwinism, is now taught in public schools and is unchallenged on how the universe was formed. However, now 64% of Americans believe that Creationism needs to be taught in public schools alongside Darwinism. Evolution is the process in which organisms change over time as a result of changes in heritable physical or behavioral traits. In other words, all organisms evolve over time to become more like their†¦show more content†¦The chromosome count is always fixed, so if an animal gained or lost a chromosome because of some kind of deformity it could not successfully mate. Therefore causing the evolvement of a new species is genetically impossible. Creation Creationism proves the evolution theory to be wrong. I’m excited to be arguing this fact. Creationism states that all things are created by God. Where we find this information is from The Holy Bible. Although, the Bible does not ever appear to be a scientific textbook, it does declare itself to be the one true answer in everything. 2 Timothy 3:16 states that â€Å"All Scripture is God breathed and is useful for teaching, rebuking, correcting and training in righteousness.†, meaning that all scripture is written by God and his Holy Spirit. He spoke to men and women over a period of 900 years, and they wrote down exactly what He said. The Bible is divided into two sections, the Old Testament and the New Testament. In the Old testament, it says 3,808 times that the Bible is the exact words of God. In Genesis 1:1, the Bible says â€Å"In the beginning God created the heavens and the earth.† He created the Heavens and the earth in six days and rested on the seventh. The Bible states from Genesis to Revelation that God is the creator of all things, not just of earth and the people of earth, but of everything that exists. The Bible doesn’t just focus on how God created everything, but it emphasizes about GodShow MoreRelatedCreationism Isnt Science but Belongs in Schools Essay849 Words   |  4 PagesCreationism Isnt Science but Belongs in Schools The origin of life has been a point of discussion for as long as history has been documented. Ancient Egyptians believed that the sun god Ra took another form, created land from a watery abyss and created everything, including gods and humans. The Iroquois, a tribe of Native Americans, told a story of god to human lineage that resulted in twins, one being evil and one being good. The good twin creates a picture perfectRead More Evolution vs. Creationism Essay917 Words   |  4 Pages Evolution vs. Creationism The Evolution vs. Creationism controversy goes all the way back to the Publishing of Origin of Species in 1859 by Darwin laying the foundation for the evolution of life to be understood. Scientists are continuously finding more evidence to support Darwin’s conclusion; that organisms descended from a common ancestor modified by the mechanism of natural selection resulting in the evolution of species adapting to their environment. The following are the main geological topicsRead MoreCreationism vs. Evolutionism in Public Schools1538 Words   |  7 PagesDebate: Creationism vs. Evolution in Schools: 1st Affirmative Constructive Speech Creationism and Evolutionism by definition are very different topics. Currently, evolutionary naturalism is the most widely taught view of origins in America. In schools in the modern day, only evolutionism is taught and condoned. But before the 1920s, only creationism was taught, and evolution was forbidden. Then, on February 20, 2008, the Florida State Board of Education voted to revise the public school guidelinesRead More Evolution Vs. Creationism Essay1323 Words   |  6 PagesEvolution vs. Creationism Abstract In the history of science vs. religion there have been no issues more intensely debated than evolution vs. creationism. The issue is passionately debated since the majority of evidence is in favor of evolution, but the creation point of view can never be proved wrong because of religious belief. Human creation breaks down into three simple beliefs; creation theory, naturalistic evolution theory, and theistic evolution theory. The complexities of all threeRead MoreDating the Rocks of the Grand Canyon (Old Earth vs. Young Earth)1102 Words   |  5 Pagesof change along with varying increases and decreases of material over time. â€Å"Young-Earth Creationism† (YEC) is based on a precept that earth and the universe were created by God, only 6,000 years ago in six days. Their position is that by examining geological records the scientific details of early history will become clear and a literal biblical view of Earth’s creation supported. Now, â€Å"Old Earth Creationism † (OEC) is also based on a precept that earth and the universe were created by God, but theyRead MorePolitics Of The Polarized Classroom Essay1666 Words   |  7 Pagesresulted to their long-standing advocacy to have Intelligent Design and/or Creationism taught in the modern classroom in schools. The Institute of Creation Research, for example, holds that alongside evolution, Creationism should be taught in public schools, noting that the unquestioned precedence given to evolution in the modern school system is unwarranted and unconstitutional. According to them, â€Å"Evolution is†¦ neither fact, theory, nor hypothesis. It is a belief—and nothing more†¦ Neither evolution norRead MoreThe Differences Between Creationism And Creationism2961 Words   |  12 Pagescontradict each other are Evolution and Creationism. What is evolution? Evolution is the belief that mankind evolved from primates such as apes. What is creationism? Creationism is the belief that God , the center of the christianity belief created mankind in his own image. Now obviously these two beliefs contradict each other. One believes there is no god and one believes there is. For years these two ideas have clashed, trying to prove that their beliefs are correct. Each group conducting experimentsRead MoreCreationism Vs. Evolution1130 Words   |  5 Pagesfor years. So how do we know which claim is correct? Has all life evolved from simple bacteria to all the species that appear today, or did life on earth begin with Gods creation of Adam from dust and his partner Eve from adam’s rib bone. As a child I grew up attending church every Sunday with my grandparents, attending bible school, and taught the ways of the Lord. I wouldn’t know any different until my eyes were opened in biology class where the theory of Evolution is justified. There are differentRead MoreAtheism Is Not A Religion, A Worldview Or A Belief System1618 Words   |  7 Pagesevidence. Christi ans follow the teachings of â€Å"Jesus Christ† written in the bible. They believe god created the earth in seven days and that he will soon send his son, Jesus to earth to take the faithful to heaven. Deep analyzation of evolution, creationism, and the bible will surely reveal the truth. Evolution, is basically â€Å"decent with modification†, this applies to microevolution and macroevolution. (www.evolution.berkeley.edu) Evolution, when on a smaller scale is defined as microevolution; anRead MoreCreationism vs. Darwinism: A Comparative Analysis1530 Words   |  6 Pagesï » ¿Creationism vs. Darwinism Abstract An analysis of creationism, and its various forms, is undertaken in order to determine basis for creationist beliefs. Additionally, Darwinism is explored and the differences between Creationism and Darwinism are analyzed. Despite overwhelming evidence that supports the existence and validity of Darwinism, there are still arguments made that attempt to discredit evolution. The battle between Creationists and Darwinists extends beyond science and religion and has

European Exploration The Age Of Discovery - 1128 Words

European states decided to partake in global explorations in the early fifteenth century. By doing so, this opened up a new chapter in world history, known as the Age of Discovery. During this time, Europe expanded to the Americas, Africa, and the Far East being the first orbit around the world. â€Å"Profound misconceptions about geography and the cultures of local populations would change very slowly throughout he early centuries of European exploration.† (The Saylor Foundation The European Voyages of Exploration: Introduction). Europeans had a hard time believing there was life outside of Europe before they explored. European nations reached out and influenced the entire world from the 1500s to the 1750s. Along with the global exploration, the Scientific Revolution and the Atlantic Slave Trade were also two of the most influential happenings during this time period. With the means and motives, Europe advanced rapidly and influenced other nations like the Americas and Africa. Europeans had ships, navigation, and gunpowder weapons. They were motivated with: the trade of gold and silver, national power, or mercantilism, religion, and crusade. Europe’s geography allowed Europe to easily trade with other nations. â€Å"Geography provides a starting point for explaining European’s American empires. Countries on the Atlantic rim of Europe (Portugal, Spain, Britain, and France) were simply closer to the Americans than were any potential Asian competitors.† (Strayer 619). EuropeShow MoreRelatedEuropean Exploration And Trade During The Age Of Discovery975 Words   |  4 Pagesresponsible for some of history’s darkest ages. European exploration and trade during the age of discovery is what indirectly created what we today call America. The world that we see today can be attributed back to Portugal as it pioneered a niche in expedition for European culture. European exploration and trade began in the 15th century with Portugal as they played a very significant role to the age of discovery, a period of time that designated Europe as an exploration powerhouse. Portugal paved the pathRead MoreThe Impact Of Maritime Technology On The Age Of Exploration1264 Words   |  6 PagesMaritime Technology’s Aid in the Age of Exploration The innovation of maritime technology has revolutionized travel throughout history. Prior to ships and sea travel, humans were separated by vast oceans and confined to their homeland for life. Because of these large boundaries, discoveries and inventions were only shared within land masses and trade as a whole was very limited. This uncharted, inaccessible territory caused a major separation of mankind. However, these oceans sparked curiosityRead MoreThe Influence Of The European Age Of Exploration1149 Words   |  5 PagesEuropeans in the 15th through 17th centuries were conquerors as they conquered the world. They engaged in intensive exploration and early colonization of many parts of the world, and they established direct contact with Africa, the Americas, and Asia. The Age of Discovery, also known as the Age of Exploration was during this period of time. The Age of Exploration was when the Europeans traveled around the world in search of different things. This is when Europe ans conquered different parts of theRead MorePositive Impact Of Christopher Columbus s Discoveries1247 Words   |  5 Pages Positive Impact of Christopher Columbus’s Discoveries The world is a better place because of Christopher Columbus’ important discoveries in the New World. His explorations resulted in the vast expansion of property for Europe, the exchange of goods and cultures between countries and a change in the worldview of geography. Columbus’s explorations were the catalyst for unprecedented trade known as the Columbian Exchange, which started the exchange of goods and ideas that would last for centuriesRead MorePositive Impact Of Christopher Columbus Discoveries1249 Words   |  5 PagesPositive Impact of Christopher Columbus’ Discoveries The world is a better place because of Christopher Columbus’ important discoveries in the New World. His explorations resulted in the vast expansion of property for Europe, the exchange of goods and cultures between countries and a change in the worldview of geography. Columbus’s explorations were the catalyst for unprecedented trade known as the Columbian Exchange, which started the exchange of goods and ideas that would last for centuriesRead MoreAge Of Exploration : The Promise Of Glory1188 Words   |  5 Pages Age of Exploration: The Promise of Glory I have fully upheld Delbarton’s honor code in letter and spirit. Signature: Hunter Macy Hunter Macy October 19, 2015 European History Mr. Manno Delbarton School The Age of Exploration, during the fifteenth and sixteenth centuries, led to a myriad of expansion for European countries, namely Spain and Portugal. The rush to the New World by Portugal and Spain during the Age of Exploration, led by men such as Hernan CortesRead MoreEffects Of European Exploration On The World1252 Words   |  6 PagesEffects Of European Exploration By the late 1400’s into the 1500’s, European countries began to expand into the rest of the world. This resurgence of trade interest resulted in a demand for foreign goods and exploration of water routes. This Age of Exploration united the Americas with Europe, Asia, and Africa. The exchanges were plentiful and stabilizing for many communities. However, along with the positive influences, came the negative aspects, which impacted cultures and civilizations aroundRead MoreThe Consequences of the Age of Exploration Essay517 Words   |  3 PagesThe Age of Discovery, also known by others as the â€Å"Age of Exploration†, was a period starting in the 15th century, lasting for over 200 years, and was conceived by the pioneer Portuguese and Spanish explorers in their search for precious metals and very costly spices, such as saffron and cardamom. Although the expansion of knowledge about the world was a good intention, it ultimately turned out be have extremely s evere consequences, which its effects are still being suffered to this day! First ofRead MoreCauses Of The Age Of Exploration1112 Words   |  5 Pages The geographical exploration was a period of time when European states began exploring the world. The European exploration known as the Age of Discovery, or the Age of Exploration began in the early fifteenth century and extended throughout the late sixteenth century. During this time, European nations discovered new routes. This led to the discovering of trade from different places outside of Europe. Europe exploration expanded to places such as the Americas, Africa, and much of the Far East. ManyRead MoreCauses Of European Exploration754 Words   |  4 PagesEurope’s Age of Exploration and Discovery began around 1453 when the Ottoman Turks conquered Constantinople, which resulted in the fall of the Byzantine Empire. This conquest cut off most European access to this area, severely limiting trade with the Middle East, especially China and India. Furthermore, Venice and the Ottoman Empire established a monopoly over trade, which irritated Europe and sparked their desire to re connect with the East and restore direct trade relations with Asia. Europe’s desire

The Arctic National Wildlife Refuge (ANWR) in Alaska Free Essays

The world is filled with many natural wonders, and one of these marvels is the Arctic National Wildlife Refuge (ANWR) in Alaska. Its 19. 6 million acres comprise some of the last truly undisturbed wilderness, and the area has even been called the crown jewel of America’s refuge system. We will write a custom essay sample on The Arctic National Wildlife Refuge (ANWR) in Alaska or any similar topic only for you Order Now This refuge is composed of a far-reaching stretch of tundra covered with marshes and lagoons and intertwined with rivers spectacularly positioned among the foothills of the snowcapped Brooks Mountain Range and the sparkling waters of the Beaufort Sea, presenting an awe-inspiring spectacle (Defenders of Wildlife, 2001a). It was because of this beauty that ANWR was set-aside as government land. Originally, the North Slope of Alaska was only used for military purposes, and the public was not allowed on any of its 48. 8 million acres during World War II. But in 1952-1953, some government scientists decided that this area of Alaska should become a conservation area. So, Fred Seaton, the Secretary of the Interior, made 8. 9 million acres of the North Slope into the â€Å"Arctic National Wildlife Range† to protect it. A lot of oil was found throughout the North Slope in the following years, so many wanted to drill for oil in the Arctic National Wildlife Range. In the Alaska National Interest Lands Conservation Act (ANILCA – 1980), most of the Range plus more of the North Slope was designated as Wilderness and called the Arctic National Wildlife Refuge. However, Section 1002 of ANILCA decided the part of the Range not considered Wilderness should be part of ANWR, although it must be researched before it was decided whether or not it should be designated as Wilderness or used for oil development. This disputed section is called the 1002 Area (Alaska Wilderness League 2003a; Ecological Society of America, 2002; Gibbs, 2001; U. S. Fish and Wildlife Service, 2000b). Studies conducted in the 1002 Area showed that oil and gas development would cause great harm to its wildlife (U. S. Fish and Wildlife Service, 2000b). Unfortunately, the oil companies do not seem to see the beauty of this wild area, only the possible profit in it. The oil industry would still like to drill in the 1002 Area (the Coastal Plain), an area of 1. 5 million acres between the Arctic Ocean and the Brooks Range (Alaska Wilderness League 2003a; Ecological Society of America, 2002; Gibbs, 2001; Sierra Club, 2001). However, the Coastal Plain is vital to the continued existence of many organisms and is full of life during the short spring and summer months, giving it the nickname â€Å"America’s Serengeti† (Alaska Wilderness League 2003a; Alaska Wilderness League 2003b; Defenders of Wildlife, 2001b). The Porcupine River caribou herd of about 130,000 goes to the Coastal Plain on an annual basis to bear and nurse their young before migrating to warmer climates (Alaska Wilderness League 2003b; Gibbs, 2001; U. S. Fish and Wildlife Service, 2000b; Roth, 1995). Polar bears use it as their most vital denning area on land (Alaska Wilderness League 2003b; Roth, 1995). Musk oxen, grizzly bears, wolves, wolverines, foxes, golden eagles, and snowy owls assemble there to stalk their prey and build their dens. Dall sheep, whales, moose, 36 fish species, and eight other marine mammals thrive in the region, too. About 300,000 snow geese also stop there in the fall to eat after coming from their nesting grounds in Canada (Alaska Wilderness League 2003a; U. S. Fish Wildlife Service, 2002). Another 135 species of birds use the land to breed, nest, raise their young, feed, or rest before they migrate to areas throughout the United States and beyond (Alaska Wilderness League 2003b; Babbitt, 1995). The 1002 Area is home to a variety of wildlife. So, drilling should not occur in the 1002 Area because it would be detrimental to the animals living there. Oil development could hurt the wildlife in many ways. The emissions from aircrafts, scents of workers, and the noise of vehicles and other engines could displace the animals (Gibbs, 2001). Roads and pipelines would also displace the wildlife because their normal routes would be blocked (Alaska Wilderness League, 2003b). Drilling would cause great harm to the animals that rely on the Coastal Plain of ANWR. Additionally, the 135 species of birds that nest and feed in the 1002 Area would be affected. Many of the birds would lose critical habitat, causing population declines for already small populations. Also, the oil fields would attract predators, further lowering their numbers (Audubon, 2002). Other studies around the other Alaskan oil fields have shown tundra swans to nest over 650 feet from the roads (Gibbs, 2001). Many of the other migratory birds are also sensitive to disturbances, and oil production in ANWR would interrupt migration patterns that have been occurring for many years (Alaska Wilderness League 2003b). The migratory species would carry the effects with them throughout the world (UNEP, 2001). Caribou are also sensitive to disturbances. Caribou with young stay at least 2. 5 miles away from roads (Gibbs, 2001). So, the caribou would be pushed into the foothills of the Brooks Range, an area with more predators (Ecological Society of America, 2002). A computer model estimated that calf survival would be reduced about 14 percent by oil production in ANWR (Gibbs, 2001). And, the U. S. Fish and Wildlife Service believes that lowering the calf survival by only five percent would cause the Porcupine caribou herd to suffer population declines (Alaska Wilderness League 2003b). The musk oxen’s population would also drop, too. They live on the Coastal Plain year-round (Montgomery, 2003). They need to conserve their energy and move very little to live on the Coastal Plain in the winter because there is little to eat, and it is very cold. The musk oxen would be forced off of the 1002 Area by drilling, and the Department of the Interior thinks this would lower their population 25 to 50 percent (Alaska Wilderness League 2003). The polar bears need the Coastal Plain to continue their current population numbers as well. It is needed for pregnant polar bears to nest upon and raise their cubs. The cubs need to be protected in their dens for three months. Any sort of disturbance would cause them to leave their dens early, which would harm their newborn cubs (Alaska Wilderness League 2003b). Bowhead whales also migrate past the Coastal Plain. They are needed by the Kaktoviks (the people indigenous to the North Slope) for food and cultural activities. However, the oil development occurring presently has already displaced them 9 to 15 miles from any noise (Montgomery, 2003). So, the Kaktoviks need areas without drilling to continue their subsistence way of life. Furthermore, all of the aquatic animals (including bowhead whales and polar bears) would be greatly harmed by an oil spill. Development in the waters is not significant as of yet, but if more development occurs on land, then more development may occur offshore. Many animals are very vulnerable to the effects of an oil spill, so more development should not occur (Montgomery, 2003). In addition to harming wildlife, oil development would harm the physical environment as well. The drilling west of the refuge (near Prudhoe Bay) has already done considerable damage. It has turned 400 square miles of undisturbed wilderness into 1500 miles of roads and pipelines, 1400 wells, three airports, 17 sewage treatment plants, and hundreds of large waste pits. The drilling has discharged into the environment more that 43,000 tons of nitrogen oxides each year, contributing to smog and acid rain production, and 100,000 metric tons of methane that leads to global warming. There have been about 1,600 spills containing 1. 2 million gallons of oil, diesel fuel, acid, drilling fluid, and many other harmful substances between 1994 and 1999 (Indigenous Environmental Network, 2001). There is about one spill each day (Alaska Wilderness League 2003c). All of this could occur in ANWR if the oil companies get what they want. And, you would think that there must be a gold mine of oil under the 1002 Area if they would sacrifice such an important area of land. However, the U. S. Geological Survey predicts there is only enough oil beneath the Coastal Plain to sustain the energy needs of America for six months (Alaska Wilderness League 2003a; Alaska Wilderness League 2003c). The Department of the Interior has estimated that â€Å"there is only a one-in-five chance of finding any economically recoverable oil in the refuge† (Roth, 1995). It is not worth ruining a pristine wilderness supporting many animals for very little oil that may not even be â€Å"economically recoverable. † Not only is there little oil under the Coastal Plain, it is also found in only small accumulations rather than one large oil field (like Prudhoe Bay). So, there would have to be more development areas, increasing the effect on the wildlife and environment (Ecological Society of America, 2002). Overall, the drilling would cause a lot of damage. A pristine wilderness would be turned into a noisy, polluted, developed area. Millions of species of animals would be harmed. They would no longer be able to use the Coastal Plain to feed, mate, nest, and hunt. They would be forced onto marginal lands, and their numbers would be negatively affected (Alaska Wilderness League 2003b; Gibbs, 2001; U. S. Fish and Wildlife Service, 2000b). And, the drilling could cause many environmental problems, including global warming, smog, and acid rain (Indigenous Environmental Network, 2001). Plus, the drilling would not even solve the energy problems in the U. S. So, drilling in ANWR should be prevented! How to cite The Arctic National Wildlife Refuge (ANWR) in Alaska, Essays

Organisational Behaviour Marriott Hotels & Resorts

Question: Discuss about theOrganisational Behaviourfor Marriott Hotels Resorts. Answer: Introduction In the current report, the chosen organisation is Marriott Hotels Resorts, Australia. Particularly, in Australia, the organisation has set up its business in four different locations namely, Brisbane, Melbourne, Sydney, and Surfers Paradise (Allen, 2016). The hotel comprises of restaurant, bar, caf, swimming pool, fitness centre and also sauna. Marriot hotels and resorts, Australia was titled as the Aon Hewitt best of the best in the year 2013 (dos Santos, Mxas, and Meirio, 2017, pp.217). Australia has proved to be a significant market source for the companys loyalty program, which made Marriot International to double its business, both in terms of brand recognition as well as in terms of earning profit margin. The upcoming projects of the company are Ritz-Carlton in Sydney and Aloft hotel in Perth, both of which are worth $500 million (de la Soledad Celemin-Pedroche, 2016, pp. 97). It is reported that the future projects will provide 2500 hotel job opportunities. Apart from this, t he company planned to introduce a six-star Bulgari and JW Marriot in Australia. Organisational Behaviour Strategies In any organisation, the workplace environment is the prime factor on which the overall organisational activity depends. Further in this context, according to Robson et al. (2016, pp. 29), it is the responsibility of managers to understand the needs and behaviour of the employees. The result of such measures is thus linked with the continuity of work, avoiding any risk such as induction of negative emotions, resistance to change, and bringing innovation to the work practices. The organisational behavioural strategies are thus linked with the paradigm that in turn will be responsible for effective workforce management and suitable resource utilisation (Magnini and Simon, 2016, pp. 305). The Context According to Marriot International, right treatment with employees generates loyalty in them which ultimately results in better customer service and company can earn more profit. The mentioned strategies are adopted from the Rajiv Menon who is responsible for maintaining Marriott portfolio in Australia (Yoon, Yoon, Jang, and Lee, 2016, pp. 1577). The Organisational behaviour within Marriot group of hotels describes the interaction, behaviour and communication of the employees within the organisation with the purpose to greet customers, manage the responsibility sharing, and working to achieve competitive advantage with optimal customer satisfaction (Robinson, 2016, pp. 1051). Adopted Strategies Related to Organisational Behaviour The company gives its first priority to its employees and so takes care of them, especially in terms of their requirement and needs. According to Terry Kim et al. (2013, pp. 683), the mentioned strategy is effective in minimise the work burden and offer the employees adequate satisfaction for their job. Consequences of Mentioned Strategies It is dependent on work attitudes like job performance, satisfactory performance and commitment. It provides them with training facility, performance reward and opportunities for advancement. It provides the employees of flexible hours, which helps them to manage personal and professional life efficiently. Marriot International organises a grand annual award ceremony for offering outstanding performance award for its selected employees worldwide. It provides the liberty to its employees to share information, discuss problem and mingle in the stand-up meeting before each shift. It believes on the principle of hire friendly and train technically, which makes the company to hire people based on their attitude and personality and trains them according to their jobs (Terry Kim, Lee, Paek and Lee, 2013, pp. 683). After recruitment, the company spends more than a week to provide training before they joining the duty. The training makes the employees immersed into the culture of the hotel an d simultaneously learn the traits of their respective job and corporate culture. When a staff is fully trained, the level of confidence increases leading to minimum risk of employee turnover. Thus, the company exempts itself from the loss of staff turnover and the economic investment on training replacements (Yoon, Yoon, Jang and Lee, 2016, pp. 1577). It also cross-trains their employees, making an individual employees specialized in several different jobs. High employee engagement has direct impact on business outcome and brand reputation. High employee engagement of Marriot is dependent on higher guest satisfaction, higher market share, higher staff retention, lower payroll margins and lower turnover (Magnini and Simon, 2016, pp. 305). Organisational Behaviour Factors Contribute to Organisational Success The research in context to organisational behaviour with reference to Marriot group of hotels (Australia) three theories are identified, viz. (i) human relations; (ii) scientific management; and (iii) systems theory. The relevance of these theories is mainly linked with the culture persisting within the organisation which in turn governs the interaction mode of people with each other. According to Tuna et al. (2016, pp. 366), the communication mechanism, mode of working, flexibility of employees towards change, and attitude of work responsibility to achieve the organisational objective are also relational to these theories that constitutes important attribute to organisational behaviour factors. Relation Theory According to the human relation theory, there exist horizontal communication among the employees of Marriot hotel which helps in problem solving, collaboration and conflict resolution (Li, Wong and Kim, 2016, pp. 1). Sustainability strategy is the key element within the human relation theory is the key factor for Marriots success that dictates the business line success in Australia. The company is able to create job opportunities, support local business and grow the local tourism infrastructure through its power of travel. Notably, this business model created 284 million employment jobs worldwide in 2015 and that the employee turnover is reflective to be only 10.5% in this year. Likewise, in another report by Al-Refaie et al. (2015, pp. 293), it was mentioned that Marriott have invested 5-fold more revenue in offering incentives, promotional hikes, and suitable provision for their employees since 2012 to present date, which is responsible for their success in terms of retention of sk ilful employees, managing excellent service standards, and reduces the investment on training up to 10%, which is considered to be remarkable achievement compared to its rivalry companies. Another factor within this scope, responsible for its success is business ethics and human rights, which describes ethical standards and fundamental values for its associates. It protects human rights within the organisation and conduct the business within the Universal Declaration of Human Rights. To support human rights, the company had started global effort for stopping human trafficking. According to human rights campaign, the corporate equality index score for Marriot in 2015 is 100%, and makes its the worlds most ethical company in the same year for 8th time (de la Soledad Celemin-Pedroche, 2016, pp. 97). Theory of Scientific Management According to Karatepe et al. (2014, pp. 307), the scientific management theory dictates that the company focuses on economic efficiency and labour productivity through motivational incentives. Another factor is the responsibility of safety, health and wellbeing of their gusts and associates. This healthy workplace environment responsible towards the organisational success and several formal programs have been arranged in this respect. To fulfil this effort deep fryer is eliminated in the employee cafeteria making 28% more healthy nutrition. Onsite gym, fitness centres, meditation rooms are available for associates. The theory of scientific management is reflective with the effort to develop leadership trait among the employees, which in turn facilitate effective management of responsibility sharing, delegations, and negotiation of task. The effective measures of company in this regard is reflective with conferences, workshop conductance, and invitation of world-class leaders in 8 eve nts at Marriot, Australia (Robson, 2016, pp. 29). Another most effective measure within this organisational behavioural context is the communication mechanism which suggests that employees can express their views and leaders need to negotiate the context with accurate evaluation. According to the CEO, Mr. Menon, changes in communication measures and implementation of electronic record management are the key steps that offers platform of globalisation to Marriott. The reason is mainly linked with easier analysis of market trend and requirement of customers, which in turn help the teams to manage their environment to align with demands of customers (Li, Wong, and Kim, 2016, pp. 1). System Theory Systems theory defines the Marriot hotel as a set of inter-reliant part connected through communication flows. According to Karatepe and Demir et al. (2014, pp. 307), multi property vice president Marriot International, Australia (Neeraj Chadda), dictated a statement that success is never the final and searching new ways should not be stopped. The implication of this theory suggests that the organisational behaviour factor responsible for Marriots success is supporting global diversity and creating opportunities for their suppliers, associates, and guests. This strength of Marriott hotel made it to open 15 Marriot hotels in Australia and more 15 are under consideration (dos Santos, Mxas and Meirio, 2017, pp. 217). Its sustainability strategies include producing resource-efficient hotels, supporting innovative management initiatives, training related to human rights to the associates, promoting tourism through supporting for visa and entry policies. As a result of this, the incoming r evenue for the company experiences increment of 9.3% and 17.5% from foreign and domestic tourist (Gordon and Adler, 2017, pp. 308). This increment in the profitability scale as well as in terms of brand popularity is reflective to their system management which smoothens the customer experiences and focus on the requirement of customers. References: Allen, L. 2016. Marriott International confirms plans for more Australian hotels. [Assessed from https://www.theaustralian.com.au/business/property/marriott-international-confirms-plans-for-more-australian-hotels/news-story/430e1b979d8ed67c7af74ccdbd40f9b6 Dated 25 Jan 2017]. Al-Refaie, A., 2015. 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